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利用正则化 JIVE 处理大量弱工具变量的工具变量估计AI 解读

We consider instrumental variables regression in models where the number of available instruments may be larger than the sample size and consistent model selection in the first stage may not be possible. Such a situation may arise when there are many weak instruments. With many weak instruments, existing approaches to first-stage regularization can lead to a large bias relative to standard errors. We propose a jackknife instrumental variables estimator (JIVE) with…

利用自激点过程建模多变量极端事件AI 解读

We propose a model that can capture the typical features of multivariate extreme events observed in financial time series, namely, clustering behaviors in magnitudes and arrival times of multivariate extreme events, and time-varying dependence. The model is developed within the framework of the peaks-over-threshold approach in extreme value theory and relies on a Poisson process with self-exciting intensity. We discuss the properties of the model, treat its estimation, and…

结构方程可分性的检验AI 解读

Separability is an important feature of structural equations, as it implies the absence of unobservable heterogeneity of effects and has significant implications for identification and efficiency of estimation. This paper provides a nonparametric test for separability in structural equations. The test is based on a conditional independence test recently developed by Huang et al. (2013), building on consistent procedures of Bierens (1982, 1990) and Stinchcombe and White…

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与经济理论一致的预测AI 解读

We consider a method for producing multivariate density forecasts that satisfy moment restrictions implied by economic theory, such as Euler conditions. The method starts from a base forecast that might not satisfy the theoretical restrictions and forces it to satisfy the moment conditions using exponential tilting. Although exponential tilting has been considered before in a Bayesian context (Robertson et al. 2005), our main contributions are: (1) to adapt the method to a…

针对少量嵌套模型的预测能力检验AI 解读

We introduce quasi-likelihood ratio tests for one sided multivariate hypotheses to evaluate the null that a parsimonious model performs equally well as a small number of models which nest the benchmark. The limiting distributions of the test statistics are non-standard. For critical values we consider: (i) bootstrapping and (ii) simulations assuming normality of the mean square prediction error difference. The proposed tests have good size and power properties compared with…

因子扩展预测模型的结构稳定性检验AI 解读

Mild factor loading instability, particularly if sufficiently independent across the different constituent variables, does not affect the estimation of the number of factors, nor subsequent estimation of the factors themselves (see e.g. Stock and Watson (2009)). This result does not hold in the presence of large common breaks in the factor loadings, however. In this case, information criteria overestimate the number of breaks. Additionally, estimated factors are no longer…

若干有限混合模型中的似然推断AI 解读

Parametric mixture models are commonly used in applied work, especially empirical economics, where these models are often employed to learn for example about the proportions of various types in a given population. This paper examines the inference question on the proportions (mixing probability) in a simple mixture model in the presence of nuisance parameters when sample size is large. It is well known that likelihood inference in mixture models is complicated due to (1)…

基于经验似然的条件独立检验AI 解读

We construct two classes of smoothed empirical likelihood ratio tests for the conditional independence hypothesis by writing the null hypothesis as an infinite collection of conditional moment restrictions indexed by a nuisance parameter. One class is based on the CDF; another is based on smoother functions. We show that the test statistics are asymptotically normal under the null hypothesis and a sequence of Pitman local alternatives. We also show that the tests possess an…

This paper presents sieve inferences on possibly irregular (i.e., slower than root-n estimable) functionals of semi-nonparametric models with i.i.d. data. We provide a simple consistent variance estimator of the plug-in sieve M estimator of a possibly irregular functional, and the asymptotic standard normality of the sieve t statistic. We show that, for hypothesis testing of irregular functionals, the sieve likelihood ratio statistic is asymptotically Chi-square distributed.…

收益偏度横截面中的定价风险与非对称波动AI 解读

We investigate the sources of skewness in aggregate risk factors and the cross section of stock returns. In an ICAPM setting with conditional volatility, we find theoretical time series predictions on the relationships among volatility, returns, and skewness for priced risk factors. Market returns resemble these predictions; however, size, book-to-market, and momentum factor returns are not always consistent with our predictions. We find evidence that size and book-to-market…

半强识别下的条件矩模型AI 解读

We consider conditional moment models under semi-strong identification. Identification strength is directly defined through the conditional moments that flatten as the sample size increases. Our new minimum distance estimator is consistent, asymptotically normal, robust to semi-strong identification, and does not rely on the choice of a user-chosen parameter, such as the number of instruments or some smoothing parameter. Heteroskedasticity-robust inference is possible…

方差分解的网络拓扑：衡量金融机构的关联度AI 解读

We propose several connectedness measures built from pieces of variance decompositions, and we argue that they provide natural and insightful measures of connectedness. We also show that variance decompositions define weighted, directed networks, so that our connectedness measures are intimately related to key measures of connectedness used in the network literature. Building on these insights, we track daily time-varying connectedness of major US financial institutions’…

因子增强回归模型的自助法AI 解读

This paper proposes and theoretically justifies bootstrap methods for regressions where some of the regressors are factors estimated from a large panel of data. We derive our results under the assumption that T/N→c, where 0≤c<∞ (N and T are the cross-sectional and the time series dimensions, respectively), thus allowing for the possibility that the factor estimation error enters the limiting distribution of the OLS estimator as an asymptotic bias term (as was recently…

单调性约束下的非参数与半参数回归：估计与预测AI 解读

This paper considers nonparametric and semiparametric regression models subject to monotonicity constraint. We use bagging as an alternative approach to Hall and Huang (2001). Asymptotic properties of our proposed estimators and forecasts are established. Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to show their finite sample performance. An application to predicting equity premium is taken for illustration. We introduce a new forecasting evaluation criterion based on the second…

经济分析、计量建模与预测中的不可预测性AI 解读

Unpredictability arises from intrinsic stochastic variation, unexpected instances of outliers, and unanticipated extrinsic shifts of distributions. We analyze their properties, relationships, and different effects on the three arenas in the title, which suggests considering three associated information sets. The implications of unanticipated shifts for forecasting, economic analyses of efficient markets, conditional expectations, and inter-temporal derivations are described.…

部分识别模型的两阶段程序AI 解读

This paper studies a two-stage procedure for estimating partially identified models, based on Chernozhukov, Hong, and Tamer’s (2007) theory of set estimation and inference. We consider the case where a sub-vector of parameters or their identified set can be estimated separately from the rest, possibly subject to a priori restrictions. Our procedure constructs the second-stage set estimator and confidence set by taking appropriate level sets of a criterion function, using a…

长记忆时间序列谱密度与谱分布的固定b渐近推断AI 解读

This paper studies taper-based estimates of the spectral density utilizing a fixed bandwidth ratio asymptotic framework, and makes several theoretical contributions: (i) we treat multiple frequencies jointly, (ii) we allow for long-range dependence or anti-persistence at differing frequencies, (iii) we allow for tapers that are only piecewise smooth or discontinuous, including flat-top and truncation tapers, (iv) we study higher-order accuracy through the limit…

含内生解释变量的非线性模型：拟最大似然估计与检验AI 解读

I propose a quasi-maximum likelihood framework for estimating nonlinear models with continuous or discrete endogenous explanatory variables. Joint and two-step estimation procedures are considered. The joint procedure is a quasi-limited information maximum likelihood procedure, as one or both of the log likelihoods may be misspecified. The two-step control function approach is computationally simple and leads to straightforward tests of endogeneity. In the case of discrete…

估计转换机制模型与处理效应参数的灵活参数方法AI 解读

In this paper, we propose a flexible, parametric class of switching regime models allowing for both skewed and fat-tailed outcome and selection errors. Specifically, we model the joint distribution of each outcome error and the selection error via a newly constructed class of multivariate distributions which we call generalized normal mean–variance mixture distributions. We extend Heckman’s two-step estimation procedure for the Gaussian switching regime model to the new…

条件矩不等式推断中的加权 KS 统计量AI 解读

This paper proposes set estimators and conservative confidence regions for the identified set in conditional moment inequality models using Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics with a truncated inverse variance weighting with increasing truncation points. The new weighting differs from those proposed in the literature in two important ways. First, this paper shows that estimators based on KS statistics with the proposed weighting function converge to the identified set at a faster…

利用高频金融数据估计瞬时波动率AI 解读

We construct a spot volatility estimator for high-frequency financial data which contain market microstructure noise. We prove consistency and derive the asymptotic distribution of the estimator. A data-driven method is proposed to select the scale parameter and the bandwidth parameter in the estimator. In Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the finite sample performance of our estimator with some existing estimators. Empirical examples are given to illustrate the potential…

无需一致估计渐近协方差矩阵的过度识别限制检验AI 解读

We propose new over-identifying restriction (OIR) tests that are robust to heteroskedasticity and serial correlations of unknown form. The proposed tests do not require consistent estimation of the asymptotic covariance matrix and hence avoid choosing the bandwidth in nonparametric kernel estimation. Instead, they rely on the normalizing matrices that can eliminate the nuisance parameters in the limit. Compared with the conventional OIR test, the proposed tests require only…

固定效应随机前沿模型的一致估计AI 解读

In this paper we consider a fixed-effects stochastic frontier model. That is, we have panel data, fixed individual (firm) effects, and the usual stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) composed error.