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英国抽样方法的应用AI 解读

The object of this article is to survey the use of sampling methods in Great Britain. The most important sample surveys undertaken by government departments, research organisations and commercial agencies are described with particular reference to their aims and sampling methods. Deficiencies in British sampling practice are discussed and suggestions for possible future developments are made. * My thanks are due to statisticians in Government departments and elsewhere for…

面向工业界与高校的统计质量控制教学AI 解读

During the next five years, in manufacturing plants and in the engineering schools, there will be many new programs initiated to meet the demands for education in Quality Control by Statistical Methods. This paper has been written with the hope that it will be of some help in the planning and executing of such programs. Beginning with a description of types of courses and a discussion of possible content, it touches on the questions of who is to do the teaching and how the…

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总体方差已知时使用 t 检验损失的“信息”AI 解读

This note calls attention to the use of the power function as a means of determining how much “information” is lost by using some other test in place of the most powerful test of a given hypothesis. As an example of the method, the case of using a t-test for the mean of a normal population with known variance is analyzed.

用单一图表确定平均出厂质量上限的一次抽样方案AI 解读

This paper presents a single chart and table from which AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Limit) Single Sampling Plans may be determined with ease. These plans yield a close approximation to minimum inspection both for unknown incoming quality and for known average incoming quality unless the variation in quality from lot to lot is extremely small.

含自相关误差关系中的最小二乘回归应用AI 解读

We point out that autocorrelated error terms require modification of the usual methods of estimation and prediction; and we present evidence showing that the error terms involved in most current formulations of economic relations are highly positively autocorrelated. In doing this we demonstrate that when estimates of autoregressive properties of error terms are based on calculated residuals there is a large bias towards randomness. We demonstrate how much efficiency may be…

无需回访将“不在家者”纳入样本的尝试AI 解读

This paper describes a plan for eliminating the need for callbacks. Each person in the sample is visited only once. From each person interviewed information is obtained as to whether or not he was at home on specific instances, including the instance of the interview, which permits an estimate of the proportion of time he is at home during the interviewing hours. Questionnaires are divided into e.g. 6 groups according to the estimated proportion of time persons in each group…

非参数情形下的置信界限AI 解读

The purpose of this article is to give a survey 1 1I should like to thank Professor Wolfowits for pointing out the need for such a survey. of certain methods available for finding confidence limits when nothing is assumed about the population from which a sample has been drawn except possibly that it has a continuous distribution. The following three cases are treated: a confidence band for the unknown cumulative distribution function, a confidence interval for the…

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非参数情形下的置信限AI 解读

The purpose of this article is to give a survey 1 1I should like to thank Professor Wolfowits for pointing out the need for such a survey. of certain methods available for finding confidence limits when nothing is assumed about the population from which a sample has been drawn except possibly that it has a continuous distribution. The following three cases are treated: a confidence band for the unknown cumulative distribution function, a confidence interval for the…

由单张图表确定 AOQL 一次抽样方案AI 解读

This paper presents a single chart and table from which AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Limit) Single Sampling Plans may be determined with ease. These plans yield a close approximation to minimum inspection both for unknown incoming quality and for known average incoming quality unless the variation in quality from lot to lot is extremely small.

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银行准备金与经济波动AI 解读

The belief that severe business fluctuations are caused primarily by the operations of banks, through their influence on the quantity of the circulating medium, was widely held during the nineteenth century and the first three decades of the twentieth. During the latter part of this period variations in bank reserves were believed to be the chief causal factor underneath changes in the circulating medium furnished by the banks. This paper describes a study of factual data…

寿险死亡率及其他统计中的抽样误差AI 解读

The types, sources, and extent of data entering into the analytical statistics in life insurance companies are outlined. The statistical errors in mortality investigations arising as a result of the limited extent of the death claim experience or arising from the use of exposure sampling techniques are discussed. Comments are also made about the experience rating problem in group insurance and about a possible application of sequential analysis to the checking of files.

寿险死亡率及其他统计中的抽样误差AI 解读

The types, sources, and extent of data entering into the analytical statistics in life insurance companies are outlined. The statistical errors in mortality investigations arising as a result of the limited extent of the death claim experience or arising from the use of exposure sampling techniques are discussed. Comments are also made about the experience rating problem in group insurance and about a possible application of sequential analysis to the checking of files.

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利用方差分量分析两个市场的生猪价格AI 解读

This paper discusses various methods of analyzing the ratios of the daily hog prices at Cincinnati and Louisville and compares the results obtained with those previously given for the differences between the two price series. The data consisted of the prices for each of two weight classes on each the five complete market days of the week (Monday through Friday) averaged for each month throughout the period 1937-1941. Price ratios were used because of the high correlation…

商业桃产区果园数量估计的抽样方法AI 解读

This paper presents the results of a study with two main objectives: (1) to investigate an extension of some principles recently developed in the theory of cluster sampling, and (2) to determine the efficiency of sample segments containing specified numbers of farms, as indicated by highway maps, for estimating numbers of commercial orchards in a commercial peach area.

两个市场生猪价格分析中的方差分量应用AI 解读

This paper discusses various methods of analyzing the ratios of the daily hog prices at Cincinnati and Louisville and compares the results obtained with those previously given for the differences between the two price series. The data consisted of the prices for each of two weight classes on each the five complete market days of the week (Monday through Friday) averaged for each month throughout the period 1937-1941. Price ratios were used because of the high correlation…