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对《最简单的符号秩检验》的评论AI 解读

In a fundamental contribution, Tukey [5] showed that the Wilcoxon signed-rank test [14, 15, 16, 17] is equivalent to a subclass of some tests presented by Walsh [7, 8]. Since Tukey's memorandum did not explicitly state that only a subclass of Walsh's tests is involved, misunderstandings seem to have arisen concerning the extent of the equivalence between these two classes of tests. This paper points out that a large proportion of Walsh's results are not equivalent to…

用于回归分析的线性规划技术AI 解读

In regression problems alternative criteria of “best fit” to least squares are least absolute deviations and least maximum deviations. In this paper it is noted that linear programming techniques may be employed to solve the latter two problems. In particular, if the linear regression relation contains p parameters, minimizing the sum of the absolute value of the “vertical” deviations from the regression line is shown to reduce to a p equation linear programming model with…

发表决策对显著性检验推断的可能影响及其反向关系AI 解读

There is some evidence that in fields where statistical tests of significance are commonly used, research which yields nonsignificant results is not published. Such research being unknown to other investigators may be repeated independently until eventually by chance a significant result occurs—an “error of the first kind”—and is published. Significant results published in these fields are seldom verified by independent replication. The possibility thus arises that the…

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短自回归序列中序列相关系数的不同定义AI 解读

Various definitions of the serial correlation coefficient are considered in relation to alternative methods of estimating autoregressive parameters from short time-series. It is concluded that estimates based on three experimental series considered are affected less by changes in definition of the serial correlation coefficient than by changes in the basic method of estimation. However, two definitions are shown to be dependent on the size of the correction for the mean and…

学生化最小卡方统计量AI 解读

Defining the studentized smallest chi-square v with parameters t, m, k, as the ratio of m times the smallest of k independent chi-square variates with t (degrees of freedom), each to t times another independent chi-square variate with m d.f., the lower 5% points of v are tabulated for different values of t, m, and k. Some possible applications of v are also indicated.

具有两个不同状态的线性回归系统参数估计AI 解读

In attempting to estimate the parameters of a linear regression system obeying two separate regimes, it is necessary first to estimate the position of the point in time at which the switch from one regime to the other occurred. The suggested maximum likelihood estimating procedure is based upon a direct examination of the likelihood function. An asymptotic and a small-sample test are suggested for testing the hypothesis that no switch occurred against the single alternative…

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学生化最小卡方统计量AI 解读

Defining the studentized smallest chi-square v with parameters t, m, k, as the ratio of m times the smallest of k independent chi-square variates with t (degrees of freedom), each to t times another independent chi-square variate with m d.f., the lower 5% points of v are tabulated for different values of t, m, and k. Some possible applications of v are also indicated. * Presented under a different title at a meeting of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Seattle,…

短自回归序列中序列相关系数的不同定义AI 解读

Various definitions of the serial correlation coefficient are considered in relation to alternative methods of estimating autoregressive parameters from short time-series. It is concluded that estimates based on three experimental series considered are affected less by changes in definition of the serial correlation coefficient than by changes in the basic method of estimation. However, two definitions are shown to be dependent on the size of the correction for the mean and…

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双规格限计量抽样方案的设计与实施AI 解读

The paper presents and illustrates the use of three charts and a table for the design and operation of a double-limit variables sampling plan. Two of the charts are plots of the Lieberman-Resnikoff tables of the minimum variance unbiased estimate of the proportion of a normal universe exceeding specified limits given sample estimates of the mean and standard deviation or average range. The table is an extension of the Patnaik table of conversion factors for use of the…

无偏比率型估计量的精度AI 解读

When each unit in a population of N units consists of an x and a y measurement, where the population mean [Xbar] of the x's is known, then the population mean [Ybar] of the y's is frequently estimated by drawing a random sample of n units and using one of the customary biased ratio-type estimators, [Ybar] (based on the ratio of the y sample mean and the x sample mean), or [Ybar] (based on the sample mean of the ratios of the y and x measurements for each unit). The precision…

慢性病生存率的估计：“寿命表”方法AI 解读

In most follow-up studies in chronic disease assumptions on the parametric form of the survivorship function are not justified. A simple frequency estimate, arising from polygonal approximation, is discussed. It is shown that, for proper limitation of the period over which the survivorship is to be estimated, bias due to nonlinearity may be controlled, without loss in efficiency, by proper choice of the sub-intervals. It is concluded that the method proposed is appropriate…

天气预报评价的 Trentile 偏差法AI 解读

This article outlines a method originated by the author during World War II for evaluating short range weather forecasts. An interesting feature is the use of “deviational penalty scores” to adjust for the relative ease or difficulty of forecasting for varying weather situations. A number of other studies on weather forecast evaluation by other authors lead to different methods of analysis (see references at end of article). The author has encountered situations in other…

由正态分布成分组成的总体之同质性检验的经验研究AI 解读

A test of homogeneity is developed that will frequently detect non-homogeneity by means of samples as small as fifty for some populations that are composed of normal components. The development is essentially the same as Smirnov's distribution free tests as discussed in [4].

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天气预报评价的 Trentile 偏差法AI 解读

This article outlines a method originated by the author during World War II for evaluating short range weather forecasts. An interesting feature is the use of “deviational penalty scores” to adjust for the relative ease or difficulty of forecasting for varying weather situations. A number of other studies on weather forecast evaluation by other authors lead to different methods of analysis (see references at end of article). The author has encountered situations in other…

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