日期精度：到日 2274 篇 · 到月 7743 篇 · 到年 0 篇
控制变量存在测量误差时的大样本协方差分析
When the control variable contains errors of measurement, the usual analysis of covariance fails to adjust adequately for initial differences between groups. A large-sample significance test is presented here for the case where the fallible control variable has been measured in duplicate.
若干特殊总体中小样本中位数的方差
A comparison is made of the exact variances of medians of small samples from several special populations with the values obtained by using the formula for asymptotic variance.
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney检验对同一固定点删失样本的扩展
A two-sample non-parametric significance test for censored samples is presented. The null hypothesis considered is that the two samples are from the same population. Tables of lower 5% and 1% points of the test statistic are given for both sample sizes ≦8 and various degrees of censoring. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis is derived and numerical comparisons are given which indicate the asymptotic theory is adequate outside the range…
修正泊松分布的参数估计
Errors in observing and reporting sample data often complicate the problem of estimating parameters of the distribution being sampled. If neglected, such errors may lead to seriously biased estimates. There exits a large general class of such estimation problems involving numerous different distributions, different types and varying degrees of observational errors. This paper is limited, however, to maximum likelihood estimation in a Poisson distribution which has been…
双向分层的设计与估计
One may encounter populations for which there are two effective stratifying criteria, both of which are desirable in a sample design. However, the number of permitted observations may be less than the number of strata formed by the usual double stratification technique. A method which will permit estimation in these cases is presented. Both biased and unbiased estimators are considered. It is shown that if the stratification effects are additive in the analysis-of-variance…
若干特殊总体中小样本中位数的方差
A comparison is made of the exact variances of medians of small samples from several special populations with the values obtained by using the formula for asymptotic variance.
矩阵求逆及其在数据分析中的用途与应用
Matrix inversion is used in the least squares analysis of data to estimate parameters and their variances and covariances. When the data come from the analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, order statistics, or the fitting of response-surfaces, the matrix to be inverted usually falls into a structured pattern that simplifies its inversion.One class of patterned matrices is characterized by non-singular symmetrical arrangemepts in which linear combinations of the first…
关于均方逐次差分的札记
This paper deals with the use of higher order mean square successive differences for estimating dispersion when a strong trend is present in the mean value and the method of first differences does not adequately eliminate the trend. The first four moments of the mean square successive second difference, δ22, are derived in samples from an arbitrary population with constant mean (or with linear trend in the means). Because the efficiency of δ22 relative to δ22 increases with…
基本统计方法
Statistical analyses involving multiple predictors are generalizations of simpler techniques developed for investigating associations between outcomes and single predictors. Although many of these should be familiar from basic statistics courses, we review some of the key ideas and methods here as background for the methods covered in the rest of the book and to introduce some basic notationKeywordsCoronary Heart DiseaseSystolic Blood PressureOrdinary Little SquareSurvival…
Student t 分布上尾分位点的扩展表
In using Student's t-distribution in testing component parts a need for extending the table of upper percentage points was revealed. The method of calculation of these percentage points is presented and a table containing these results is given.
正态分布方差的最优置信区间
Tables of divisors of the sample sums of squared deviations from the mean are provided to yield either the confidence interval of minimum length or the “shortest” unbiased interval for the variance of a normal distribution. Some questions are raised concerning confidence intervals of minimum length.
相关正态变量均值的置信区间
Several possible methods are presented for constructing confidence intervals for the means of normally distributed, dependent variables when nothing is known about the correlations. One, which uses the Student t distribution, is found, when the degrees of freedom is not too small compared to the number of variables, to give intervals almost as short as can possibly be attained. Methods based on Hotelling's T and on Scheffé's confidence intervals for all linear contrasts are…
美国农业的计量经济模型
Economists and agricultural economists have done parallel research in estimating quantitative economic relations for various economic sectors. This study is an attempt to bring together the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors by grafting onto a master model of the total economy a set of estimated relationships for the agricultural sector. In this way it is possible to trace the effects of changes in the non-agricultural economy through the agricultural sector and in…
Wilcoxon符号秩程序中零值与并列值的讨论
A Wilcoxon one-sample signed rank test may be made when some of the observations are 0 by dropping the 0's before ranking. However, a sample can be not significantly positive while a more negative sample (obtained by decreasing each observation equally), is significantly positive by the ordinary Wilcoxon test. The reverse is also possible. Two-piece confidence regions result. A procedure for avoiding these difficulties is proposed, namely to rank the observations including…
若干有限总体无偏比率与回归估计量
A class of ratio and regression type estimators is given such that the estimators are unbiased for random sampling, without replacement, from a finite population. Non-negative, unbiased estimators of estimator variance are provided for a subclass. Similar results are given for the case of generalized procedures of sampling without replacement. Efficiency is compared with comparable sample selection and estimation methods for this case. * Most of this research was done while…
美国农业的计量经济模型
Economists and agricultural economists have done parallel research in estimating quantitative economic relations for various economic sectors. This study is an attempt to bring together the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors by grafting onto a master model of the total economy a set of estimated relationships for the agricultural sector. In this way it is possible to trace the effects of changes in the non-agricultural economy through the agricultural sector and in…
参数估计与自主增长
The influence of certain specification errors on estimates of parameters in economic models is examined using Monte Carlo techniques. Autonomous growth is a secular change in the endogenous variables not explained by the exogenous variables and parameters of the structural equations. Autonomous growth will therefore appear in the shocks, and this usually causes them to become correlated with the exogenous variables in economic models—a specification error. The influence of…
通过抽样匹配名单的问题
This paper presents theory for estimation of the proportions of names common to two or more lists of names, through use of samples drawn from the lists. The theory covers (a) the probability distributions, expected values, variances, and the third and fourth moments of the estimates of the proportions duplicated; (b) testing a hypothesis with respect to a proportion; (c) optimum allocation of the samples; (d) the, effect of duplicates within a list; (e) possible gains from…
通过抽样估计名单重合比例的问题
This paper presents theory for estimation of the proportions of names common to two or more lists of names, through use of samples drawn from the lists. The theory covers (a) the probability distributions, expected values, variances, and the third and fourth moments of the estimates of the proportions duplicated; (b) testing a hypothesis with respect to a proportion; (c) optimum allocation of the samples; (d) the, effect of duplicates within a list; (e) possible gains from…
Kruskal–Wallis H检验的简化Beta近似
A Beta-approximation, commonly used to approximate permutation test distributions in the analysis of variance, is proposed for the null distribution of the Kruskal-Wallis H-statistic for one-way analysis of variance of ranks. The approximation seems slightly simpler and better than the Beta-approximation given by Kruskal and Wallis, particularly in bringing the H-test into closer relation to ordinary analysis of variance tests. Simple conditions on the group sizes allow…