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基于提名抽样的分布函数估计AI 解读

Nomination sampling is a sampling process in which every observation is the maximum of a random sample from some population. Assuming that all samples are taken from a single underlying distribution F, data may be viewed as consisting of pairs (Xi , Ki ), where Ki is the size of the ith sample and, given Ki = ki, Xi is distributed according to F ki. Willemain (1980), who discussed nomination sampling in the context of health care delivery, proposed an estimator for the…

第二类删失样本的渐近卡方正态性检验AI 解读

A method is proposed for testing normality, in the case of general Type II censored data—that is, data for which only a subset of the order statistics are available. Three test statistics are proposed, which are generalizations of the statistics proposed in LaRiccia (1986), and have many of the same properties. Specifically, they are designed to be asymptotically optimal with respect to specific alternatives and are easily adjusted to be asymptotically optimal with respect…

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Fisher 最小显著差异检验的最大全族错误率AI 解读

In this article an investigation is made of the maximum familywise error rate (MFWER) of Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) test for testing the equality of k population means in a one-way layout. An exact expression for the MFWER is derived (see Theorem 1) for all balanced models and for an unbalanced model with k = 3 populations (Type I models). A close upper bound for the MFWER is derived for all unbalanced models with four or more populations (Type II models).…

统计学与因果推断AI 解读

Problems involving causal inference have dogged at the heels of statistics since its earliest days. Correlation does not imply causation, and yet causal conclusions drawn from a carefully designed experiment are often valid. What can a statistical model say about causation? This question is addressed by using a particular model for causal inference (Holland and Rubin 1983; Rubin 1974) to critique the discussions of other writers on causation and causal inference. These…

双抽样框、混合调查方式设计的均方误差模型AI 解读

An error model for dual frame survey designs is developed. It includes components of error for sampling variance, interviewer variance, and bias in each frame. A cost model that attempts to capture the complexity of a full scale dual frame survey is presented. The error and cost models are applied to a large national survey, the National Crime Survey, and the effect that alternative levels of bias in both frames have on the optimal allocation of sample to the two frames is…

缺失数据与随机观测时点下增长曲线的相邻差分法AI 解读

Incomplete growth curve data can be analyzed by the successive differences (SD) method, which uses the difference in consecutive pairs of observations for all subjects having two or more repeated measures. We have generalized it to handle varying observation times as well by partitioning the time interval spanned by all repeated measures into subintervals. The model is developed, including test statistics for the hypotheses of parallelism and of no change in response level…

利用时间序列模型联合预测美国婚内生育、婚姻、出生与结婚AI 解读

This article presents a new approach to forecasting U.S. marital fertility, nuptiality, births, and marriages. The analysis represents a wedding of demographic and statistical time series in models amenable to Box-Jenkins techniques of model identification, estimation, diagnosis, and forecasting. The models demonstrate the advantages in this approach in forecasting both rates and events as opposed to the common practice of simply forecasting events. Using the best models of…

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基于多个分层样本的估计量及其多抽样框调查应用AI 解读

In this article, a new method for producing estimates from a multiple frame survey is presented. The discussion in this article is restricted to sample designs in which a stratified simple random sample is selected independently from each frame. The estimation technique outlined, however, can be applied to more complex sample designs. It is assumed that units selected in more than one sample can be identified. This estimation technique is based on the fact that a multiple…

基尼系数与贫困指数之间的协调关系AI 解读

Poverty is usually defined as the extent to which individuals in a society or community fall below a minimal acceptable standard of living. An index of poverty is generally based on the proportion (α) of the poor people and their income distribution through the income gap ratio (β) (i.e., the average income gap of the poor people from the poverty line ω, taken as a ratio to ω itself) and other measures of income inequalities. In this context, the well-known Gini coefficient…

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逻辑回归中的异常值与残差分布AI 解读

Detection of outliers and other diagnostics based on residuals have gained widespread use in linear regression. Logistic regression has been both blessed and hindered by this development. Certainly logistic regression requires procedures to detect global and local model weaknesses. Thus the wealth of work done in linear regression provides guides and suggestions that may, with care and ingenuity, be applied to logistic regression. Several innovative attempts in this…

双抽样框混合调查方式设计的均方误差模型AI 解读

An error model for dual frame survey designs is developed. It includes components of error for sampling variance, interviewer variance, and bias in each frame. A cost model that attempts to capture the complexity of a full scale dual frame survey is presented. The error and cost models are applied to a large national survey, the National Crime Survey, and the effect that alternative levels of bias in both frames have on the optimal allocation of sample to the two frames is…

连续协变量分类对生存时间比较的影响AI 解读

The variance of the estimated hazard ratio between two groups when there is one categorized continuous gamma-distributed covariate is derived using exponential and Weibull regression models and asymptotic theory. Categorizing a continuous covariate increases the variance of the estimated hazard ratio and decreases the efficiency of the analysis. The efficiency of categorization is studied as a function of the strength of the relation between survival time and the covariate,…

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