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可计算的 MINQUE 型方差分量估计AI 解读

The minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimator type (MINQUE type) of estimates considered in this article are obtained by requiring identical values for the ratios of the a priori variances to the a priori error variance and letting this common value tend to infinity. The resulting estimates are invariant quadratic unbiased estimators with certain parametric and nonparametric optimality properties: assuming normally distributed random effects the efficiency of the proposed…

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调查抽样中回归估计量的方差估计AI 解读

The regression estimator and the ratio estimator are commonly used in survey practice. In the past more attention has been given to the ratio estimator because of its computational ease and applicability for general sampling designs. The ratio estimator is appropriate for populations whose regression line passes close to the origin. If the intercept of the regression line is significantly nonzero, however, it is much less efficient than the regression estimator (Deng 1984).…

分层抽样中若干估计量的条件性质AI 解读

The prediction properties of the stratified expansion estimator, the separate and combined ratio estimators, and the separate and combined regression estimators are studied under a model appropriate to a population stratified on a size variable. Several estimators of variance for each total estimator are considered, including standard ones from probability sampling theory, alternative choices derived from a superpopulation model, and the jackknife. The theory is tested in an…

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随机号码拨号中 Mitofsky–Waksberg 技术的若干推广AI 解读

To provide greater flexibility and improved methodology for random digit dialing for telephone surveys, this article proposes a class of two-stage sampling techniques for random digit dialing that generalizes the Mitofsky–Waksberg technique in two directions. First, different ways of classifying telephone numbers are allowed; the classification need not be according to whether or not the number is residential. Second, drawing more than one phone number per primary sampling…

有限混合分布的统计分析AI 解读

Statistical Problems. Applications of Finite Mixture Models. Mathematical Aspects of Mixtures. Learning About the Parameters of a Mixture. Learning About the Components of a Mixture. Sequential Problems and Procedures.

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方差估计导论AI 解读

The Method of Random Groups.- Variance Estimation Based on Balanced Half-Samples.- The Jackknife Method.- The Bootstrap Method.- Taylor Series Methods.- Generalized Variance Functions.- Variance Estimation for Systematic Sampling.- Summary of Methods for Complex Surveys.- Hadamard Matrices.- Asymptotic Theory of Variance Estimators.- Transformations.- The Effect of Measurement Errors on Variance Estimation.- Computer Software for Variance Estimation.- The Effect of…

随机删失两样本问题的组合秩检验AI 解读

In the two-sample problem under random censorship we consider the uncensored observations and the censored ones as two separate groups. For each group a suitable rank statistic is obtained, and these two are then combined to a final one. This idea, which was first employed in Akritas (1983), is shown here to produce tests that (a) closely resemble the ordinary rank tests for the uncensored case and do not require the calculation of the Kaplan-Meier estimator, (b) are…

分层两阶段抽样中的广义方差函数AI 解读

Generalized variance functions (GVF's) are used in a number of sample surveys as a convenient method of publishing sampling errors. The method consists of estimating the relative variance (relvariance) of an estimator of a total T by using a model with the form a + b/T. Using the prediction approach to finite population sampling, some asymptotic theory is presented for estimators of totals that are linear combinations of sample cluster means from stratified, two-stage…

存在调查结果发布效应时的重复抽样AI 解读

The generation and public dissemination of information from surveys or polls may be expected to modify or condition the private attitudes or intentions it is hoped to measure. Thus the application of statistics to human affairs is often characterized by a reactivity or reflexivity that may even negate its findings or predictions. Bandwagon, funding, or floating voter effects arising from the publication of political polls are well known. Forecasts of expected visitor numbers…

模型季节调整的不确定性与极小极大滤波器构造AI 解读

Unobserved component autoregressive integrated moving average models are often the cornerstone of model-based seasonal adjustment procedures. Unfortunately these models are inherently underidentified and ad hoc assumptions must be made prior to the analysis. This article investigates the effect of seasonal adjustment filters on a class of observationally equivalent models. Bounds on the mean squared error (MSE) associated with arbitrary linear filters are derived. The…

对数秩与广义 Wilcoxon 统计量的上确界版本AI 解读

Considerable progress has been made in generalizing to censored data hypothesis tests based on rank statistics. The most commonly used generalizations are the log-rank test statistic, which extends the Savage exponential scores statistic (Cox 1972; Mantel 1966) and the generalized Wilcoxon statistics (Gehan 1965; Peto and Peto 1972). Gill (1980) showed that in the two-sample problem the asymptotic efficiency properties of the Savage and Wilcoxon statistics are maintained in…

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列联表有序备择的卡方型检验AI 解读

It is well known that the classical Pearson's chi-squared test for contingency tables does not have good power against ordered alternatives. Such alternatives arise naturally when there is an ordering in the rows or columns of the table. This article considers a general class of tests called cumulative chi-squared—type (CCS-type) tests for ordered alternatives. Different members of this class correspond to the choice of different weighting schemes. The properties of the…

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非参数曲线拟合中的加权局部回归与核方法AI 解读

Weighted local regression, a popular technique for smoothing scatterplots, is shown to be asymptotically equivalent to certain kernel smoothers. Since both methods are local weighted averages of the data, it is proved that in the fixed design regression model, given a weighted local regression procedure with any weight function, there is a corresponding kernel method such that the quotients of weights distributed by both methods tend uniformly to 1 as the number of…

置信水平的校准AI 解读

Two approaches for dealing with the problem of poor coverage probabilities of certain standard confidence intervals are proposed. The first is a recommendation that the actual coverage be estimated directly from the data and its value reported in addition to the nominal level. This is achieved through a combination of computer simulation and density estimation. The asymptotic validity of the procedure is proved for a number of common situations. A classical example is the…

正态近似精度的评估AI 解读

The widespread applicability and use of normal approximations creates a need for methods for assessing their accuracy in an operational fashion. In this article, two new methods are proposed and exemplified. These new methods are based on a comparison of the level curves of an exact likelihood with the level curves of the usual normal approximation to it and on a comparison of selected line integrals of an exact density and a normal approximation to it. The operational…

有向图的贝叶斯模型AI 解读

Holland and Leinhardt (1981) proposed a simple exponential model called the p 1 model for analyzing digraphs that arise in studies of networks. A digraph consists of a set of g nodes and a g × g adjacency matrix (Xij ), where Xij = 1 if node i relates to node j and Xij = 0 otherwise. The underlying cell probabilities pij = Pr(Xij = 1) are to be estimated from these dichotomous responses. The p 1 model imposes an additive structure on a log-odds version of the pij . It…