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恒定退役规律下设备资产账目的一般理论AI 解读

WITHOUT GETTING INTO a detailed discussion of the ramifications of the concept of depreciation, it should be recalled that depreciation is based to a great extent upon the degree of loss of the service capacity of physical property. Where a plant account consists of property of the same type, such as electric meters, transformers, underground cable, etc., certain types of mortality laws are found to apply to the retirements from the account and when this is true it is…

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两组变量之间的回归AI 解读

PROFESSOR HOTELLING'S PAPER, Relations between Two Sets of Variates,'l should be widely known and his method used by practical statisticians. Yet, few practical statisticians seem to know of the paper, and perhaps those few are inclined to regard it as a mathematical curiosity rather than an important and useful method of analyzing concrete problems. This may be due to two reasons: first, that Hotelling's paper makes use of rather complicated mathematics and does not spell…

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关于替代回归的一则札记AI 解读

IN THE JANUARY issue of this journal Mr. Elliott B. Woolley presented a method of determining a straight-line regression by the summed absolute values of the areas of rectangles formed by the projections of each observation upon the regression line.' The resulting line possesses the usual property of passing through the point of means, and its slope is a simple average of the elementary regression slopes derived by in each direction; it is the geometric mean of the…

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变量差分法：回应AI 解读

(1) MR. HAAVELMO' contends that the variate difference method is not applicable to certain dynamic economic schemes, as, e.g., the cobweb theorem. It never has been claimed that this is the case, and the author has pointed out very carefully in his monograph2 that the variate difference method deals only with superimposed random variation. A more extensive discussion of the general problem of the role of errors in economics is to be found in a short article published in the…

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随机数据经简单与双重移动平均后出现的周期长度判定问题AI 解读

STATISTICIANS are familiar with the moving average. For example, when monthly prices are given, it may be desirable to eliminate the seasonal variation. The average of the monthly prices for a calendar year may be found, then the average of the prices from the February of this year to the January of the next, then from March to February, and so on. Each average thus formed involves just once each of the twelve months; and such averaging would seem a good method for…

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通过比较理论解与观测周期检验动态理论的不足AI 解读

IN MODERN business-cycle research the following proceeding is being commonly used: First, a mathematical model (a determinate dynamic system) is set up, as an attempt to describe approximately the interconnections between a set of economic variables, their time derivatives, lagged values, and so on, in terms of strict functional relations. By some statistical procedure the constants in the system are estimated from the corresponding observed time series. Then the system is…

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城市土地的剩余、级差与绝对地租及其周期波动AI 解读

THE OBJECTIONS which have been raised against the fundamentals of the value theory of the classical school of economics hardly ever went so far as to affect the principle upon which the Ricardian explanation of land values was based, viz., the idea that the value of land is not to be explained in terms of cost, but in terms of a residual rent. This idea when developed into its consequences has even facilitated the insight into many value phenomena other than land values.…

客观抽样加强农业统计的可能性与局限AI 解读

The ever-increasing demand for more and better statistics relating to agriculture in its many phases can be met by the two governmental agencies responsible for these statistics, (The Agricultural Marketing Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Bureau of the Census of the Department of Commerce) by the development and practical use of objective methods of sampling and, estimation. Three specific suggestions for using objective sampling methods in…

需求研究中结合市场数据与预算数据：一项建议AI 解读

In the work done to obtain demand functions from market data, the influence of income changes on demand has been usually eliminated (by Professor Schultz and others) by regarding the national income per head, R, as a linear component of the demand function; sometimes a parameter supposed to characterize the distribution (such as Pareto's a or some index of concentration)' was used as another such component, e.g.:

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统计资料年度综述：帕累托定律与收入不平等指数AI 解读

PARETO deserves a place of honor among those economists who have aimed at a unification of theoretical-quantitative and empirical-quantitative approach to economic problems. His, sometimes misplaced,' exaltation of method led him to affirm that the progress of economic science in future will depend to a large extent upon investigation of empirical laws, derived from statistics, which will then be compared with known theoretical laws, or will lead to discovery of new laws.…