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合并两个独立调查的数据：模型辅助方法AI 解读

Combining information from two or more independent surveys is a problem frequently encountered in survey sampling. We consider the case of two independent surveys, where a large sample from survey 1 collects only auxiliary information and a much smaller sample from survey 2 provides information on both the variables of interest and the auxiliary variables. We propose a model-assisted projection method of estimation based on a working model, but the reference distribution is…

比例似然比模型AI 解读

We propose a semiparametric proportional likelihood ratio model which is particularly suitable for modelling a nonlinear monotonic relationship between the outcome variable and a covariate. This model extends the generalized linear model by leaving the distribution unspecified, and has a strong connection with semiparametric models such as the selection bias model (Gilbert et al., 1999), the density ratio model (Qin, 1998; Fokianos & Kaimi, 2006), the single-index model…

基于伪可加信息的稳健估计AI 解读

We consider a robust parameter estimator minimizing an empirical approximation to the q-entropy and show its relationship to minimization of power divergences through a simple parameter transformation. The estimator balances robustness and efficiency through a tuning constant q and avoids kernel density smoothing. We derive an upper bound to the estimator mean squared error under a contaminated reference model and use it as a min-max criterion for selecting q.

聚类无应答下的逆概率加权AI 解读

Correlated nonresponse within clusters arises in certain survey settings. It is often represented by a random effects model and assumed to be cluster-specific nonignorable, in the sense that survey and nonresponse outcomes are conditionally independent given cluster-level random effects. Two basic forms of inverse probability weights are considered: response propensity weights based on a marginal model, and weights based on predicted random effects. It is shown that both…

平方根 lasso：通过锥规划实现枢轴式稀疏信号恢复AI 解读

We propose a pivotal method for estimating high-dimensional sparse linear regression models, where the overall number of regressors p is large, possibly much larger than n, but only s regressors are significant. The method is a modification of the lasso, called the square-root lasso. The method is pivotal in that it neither relies on the knowledge of the standard deviation σ nor does it need to pre-estimate σ. Moreover, the method does not rely on normality or…

协方差矩阵的稀疏估计AI 解读

We suggest a method for estimating a covariance matrix on the basis of a sample of vectors drawn from a multivariate normal distribution. In particular, we penalize the likelihood with a lasso penalty on the entries of the covariance matrix. This penalty plays two important roles: it reduces the effective number of parameters, which is important even when the dimension of the vectors is smaller than the sample size since the number of parameters grows quadratically in the…

变异函数及其谱的非参数估计AI 解读

In the study of intrinsically stationary spatial processes, a new nonparametric variogram estimator is proposed through its spectral representation. The methodology is based on estimation of the variogram’s spectrum by solving a regularized inverse problem through quadratic programming. The estimated variogram is guaranteed to be conditionally negative-definite. Simulation shows that our estimator is flexible and generally has smaller mean integrated squared error than the…

分位数回归的野生自助法AI 解读

The existing theory of the wild bootstrap has focused on linear estimators. In this note, we broaden its validity by providing a class of weight distributions that is asymptotically valid for quantile regression estimators. As most weight distributions in the literature lead to biased variance estimates for nonlinear estimators of linear regression, we propose a modification of the wild bootstrap that admits a broader class of weight distributions for quantile regression. A…

剂量反应与回归中基于 p 值框架的阈值估计AI 解读

We use p-values to identify the threshold level at which a regression function leaves its baseline value, a problem motivated by applications in toxicological and pharmacological dose-response studies and environmental statistics. We study the problem in two sampling settings: one where multiple responses can be obtained at a number of different covariate levels, and the other the standard regression setting involving limited number of response values at each covariate. Our…

纵向数据分析中的经验似然与分位数回归AI 解读

We propose a novel quantile regression approach for longitudinal data analysis which naturally incorporates auxiliary information from the conditional mean model to account for within-subject correlations. The efficiency gain is quantified theoretically and demonstrated empirically via simulation studies and the analysis of a real dataset.

广义线性时间序列回归AI 解读

We consider a cross-section model that contains an individual component, a deterministic time trend and an unobserved latent common time series component. We show the following oracle property: the parameters of the latent time series and the parameters of the deterministic time trend can be estimated with the same asymptotic accuracy as if the parameters of the individual component were known. We consider this model in two settings: least squares fits of linear…

椭圆分布图模型AI 解读

We propose elliptical graphical models based on conditional uncorrelatedness as a robust generalization of Gaussian graphical models. Letting the population distribution be elliptical instead of normal allows the fitting of data with arbitrarily heavy tails. We study the class of proportionally affine equivariant scatter estimators and show how they can be used to perform elliptical graphical modelling. This leads to a new class of partial correlation estimators and…

高维时间序列潜在因子的估计AI 解读

This paper deals with the dimension reduction of high-dimensional time series based on a lower-dimensional factor process. In particular, we allow the dimension of time series N to be as large as, or even larger than, the length of observed time series T. The estimation of the factor loading matrix and the factor process itself is carried out via an eigenanalysis of a N×N non-negative definite matrix. We show that when all the factors are strong in the sense that the norm of…

平均处理效应非参数估计中的协变量选择AI 解读

Observational studies in which the effect of a nonrandomized treatment on an outcome of interest is estimated are common in domains such as labour economics and epidemiology. Such studies often rely on an assumption of unconfounded treatment when controlling for a given set of observed pre-treatment covariates. The choice of covariates to control in order to guarantee unconfoundedness should primarily be based on subject matter theories, although the latter typically give…

通过尺度混合构建非高斯时空模型AI 解读

We construct non-Gaussian processes that vary continuously in space and time with nonseparable covariance functions. Starting from a general and flexible way of constructing valid nonseparable covariance functions through mixing over separable covariance functions, the resulting models are generalized by allowing for outliers as well as regions with larger variances. We induce this through scale mixing with separate positive-valued processes. Smooth mixing processes are…

量化自助法似然比检验的失效AI 解读

When testing geometrically irregular parametric hypotheses, the bootstrap is an intuitively appealing method to circumvent difficult distribution theory. It has been shown, however, that the usual bootstrap is inconsistent in estimating the asymptotic distributions involved in such problems. This paper is concerned with the asymptotic size of likelihood ratio tests when critical values are computed using the inconsistent bootstrap. We clarify how the asymptotic size of such…

大维协方差矩阵估计的前向自适应带状化AI 解读

We propose a simple forward adaptive banding method for estimating large covariance matrices using the modified Cholesky decomposition. This approach requires the fitting of a prespecified set of models due to the adaptive banding structure and can be efficiently implemented. Aside from its computational attractiveness, we propose a novel Bayes information criterion that gives consistent model selection for estimating high dimensional covariance matrices. The method compares…

二元工具变量模型的似然分析AI 解读

Instrumental variables are widely used for the identification of the causal effect of one random variable on another under unobserved confounding. The distribution of the observable variables for a discrete instrumental variable model satisfies certain inequalities but no conditional independence relations. Such models are usually tested by checking whether the relative frequency estimators of the parameters satisfy the constraints. This ignores sampling uncertainty in the…

测量误差下病例对照逻辑回归模型的拟合优度检验AI 解读

We study goodness-of-fit tests for logistic regression models for case-control data when some covariates are measured with error. We first study the applicability of traditional test methods for this problem, simply ignoring measurement error, and show that in some scenarios they are effective despite the inconsistency of the parameter estimators. We then develop a test procedure based on work of Zhang (2001) that can simultaneously test the validity of logistic regression…

响应误分类下相关二元数据的边际分析方法AI 解读

Misclassification is a longstanding concern in medical research. Although there has been much research concerning error-prone covariates, relatively little work has been directed to problems with response variables subject to error. In this paper we focus on misclassification in clustered or longitudinal outcomes. We propose marginal analysis methods to handle binary responses which are subject to misclassification. The proposed methods have several appealing features,…

多元极值分布的构造原理AI 解读

We present a construction principle for the spectral density of a multivariate extreme value distribution. It generalizes the pairwise beta model introduced in the literature recently and may be used to obtain new parametric models from lower dimensional spectral densities. We illustrate the flexibility of this new class of models and apply it to a wind speed dataset.

函数型混合效应谱分析AI 解读

In many experiments, time series data can be collected from multiple units and multiple time series segments can be collected from the same unit. This article introduces a mixed effects Cramér spectral representation which can be used to model the effects of design covariates on the second-order power spectrum while accounting for potential correlations among the time series segments collected from the same unit. The transfer function is composed of a deterministic component…

链接函数未知的广义变系数模型AI 解读

We propose a new estimation method for generalized varying coefficient models where the link function is specified up to some smoothness conditions. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimated varying coefficient functions are established. Simulation results and a real data application demonstrate the usefulness of the new method.

高维多变量空间数据的聚合协同克里金AI 解读

Best linear unbiased prediction of spatially correlated multivariate random processes, often called cokriging in geostatistics, requires the solution of a large linear system based on the covariance and cross-covariance matrix of the observations. For many problems of practical interest, it is impossible to solve the linear system with direct methods. We propose an efficient linear unbiased predictor based on a linear aggregation of the covariables. The primary variable…