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协变量测量误差下分位数回归的修正损失估计AI 解读

We study estimation in quantile regression when covariates are measured with errors. Existing methods require stringent assumptions, such as spherically symmetric joint distribution of the regression and measurement error variables, or linearity of all quantile functions, which restrict model flexibility and complicate computation. In this paper, we develop a new estimation approach based on corrected scores to account for a class of covariate measurement errors in quantile…

有序结局的一种新残差AI 解读

We propose a new residual for regression models of ordinal outcomes, defined as E{sign(y,Y)}, where y is the observed outcome and Y is a random variable from the fitted distribution. This new residual is a single value per subject irrespective of the number of categories of the ordinal outcome, contains directional information between the observed value and the fitted distribution, and does not require the assignment of arbitrary numbers to categories. We study its…

分位数回归中的多重插补AI 解读

We propose a multiple imputation estimator for parameter estimation in a quantile regression model when some covariates are missing at random. The estimation procedure fully utilizes the entire dataset to achieve increased efficiency, and the resulting coefficient estimators are root-n consistent and asymptotically normal. To protect against possible model misspecification, we further propose a shrinkage estimator, which automatically adjusts for possible bias. The finite…

结构化收缩：回归中的相关先验AI 解读

This paper develops a rich class of sparsity priors for regression effects that encourage shrinkage of both regression effects and contrasts between effects to zero whilst leaving sizeable real effects largely unshrunk. The construction of these priors uses some properties of normal-gamma distributions to include design features in the prior specification, but has general relevance to any continuous sparsity prior. Specific prior distributions are developed for serial…

全有或全无依从下随机试验治疗疗效的非参数推断AI 解读

To evaluate the biological efficacy of a treatment in a randomized clinical trial, one needs to compare patients in the treatment arm who actually received treatment with the subgroup of patients in the control arm who would have received treatment had they been randomized into the treatment arm. In practice, subgroup membership in the control arm is usually unobservable. This paper develops a nonparametric inference procedure to compare subgroup probabilities with…

捕获—再捕获中的信息动态与最优抽样AI 解读

The build up of information in a continued capture-recapture experiment of simple random sampling of an open population is studied by predicting the conditional approximate Fisher information for abundance in data from one survey given the previous data. By neglecting the stochasticity in survival, a simple approximate likelihood is obtained. Optimal temporal allocation of a given total effort is found by numerical optimization for various objective functions based on the…

空间极值的依赖建模AI 解读

Current dependence models for spatial extremes are based upon max-stable processes. Within this class, there are few inferentially viable models available, and we propose one further model. More problematic are the restrictive assumptions that must be made when using max-stable processes to model dependence for spatial extremes: it must be assumed that the dependence structure of the observed extremes is compatible with a limiting model that holds for all events more extreme…

非凸惩罚估计量的全局最优性AI 解读

Nonconvex penalties such as the smoothly clipped absolute deviation or minimax concave penalties have desirable properties such as the oracle property, even when the dimension of the predictive variables is large. However, checking whether a given local minimizer has such properties is not easy since there can be many local minimizers. In this paper, we give sufficient conditions under which a local minimizer is unique, and show that the oracle estimator becomes the unique…

变系数 Cox 模型的有效估计AI 解读

A proportional hazards model with varying coefficients allows one to examine the extent to which covariates interact nonlinearly with an exposure variable. A global partial likelihood method, in contrast with the local partial likelihood method of Fan et al. (2006), is proposed for estimation of varying coefficient functions. The proposed estimators are proved to be consistent and asymptotically normal. Semiparametric efficiency of the estimators is demonstrated in terms of…

双重错设模型AI 解读

Estimation bias arising from local model uncertainty and incomplete data has been studied by Copas & Eguchi (2005) under the assumption of a correctly specified marginal model. We extend the approach to allow additional local uncertainty in the assumed marginal model, arguing that this is almost unavoidable for nonlinear problems. We present a general bias analysis and sensitivity procedure for such doubly misspecified models and illustrate the breadth of application through…

利用重要性抽样构造保守假设检验与置信区间AI 解读

Importance sampling is a common technique for Monte Carlo approximation, including that of p-values. Here it is shown that a simple correction of the usual importance sampling p-values provides valid p-values, meaning that a hypothesis test created by rejecting the null hypothesis when the p-value is at most α will also have a Type I error rate of at most α. This correction uses the importance weight of the original observation, which gives valuable diagnostic information…

剔除因子后的确定独立筛选AI 解读

We propose a method of factor profiled sure independence screening for ultrahigh-dimensional variable selection. The objective of this method is to identify nonzero components consistently from a sparse coefficient vector. The new method assumes that the correlation structure of the high-dimensional data can be well represented by a set of low-dimensional latent factors, which can be estimated consistently by eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition. The estimated latent factors…

最大化二元响应两样本检验功效的最优分配AI 解读

We study allocations that maximize the power of tests of equality of two treatments having binary outcomes. When a normal approximation applies, the asymptotic power is maximized by minimizing the variance, leading to a Neyman allocation that assigns observations in proportion to the standard deviations. This allocation, which in general requires knowledge of the parameters of the problem, is recommended in a large body of literature. Under contiguous alternatives the normal…

响应缺失与协变量测量误差下纵向研究的函数型广义矩方法AI 解读

Abstract Covariate measurement error and missing responses are typical features in longitudinal data analysis. There has been extensive research on either covariate measurement error or missing responses, but relatively little work has been done to address both simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a simple method for the marginal analysis of longitudinal data with time-varying covariates, some of which are measured with error, while the response is subject to…

非渐近高阈值超越簇最大值的分布建模AI 解读

A standard approach to model the extreme values of a stationary process is the peaks over threshold method, which consists of imposing a high threshold, identifying clusters of exceedances of this threshold and fitting the maximum value from each cluster using the generalized Pareto distribution. This approach is strongly justified by underlying asymptotic theory. We propose an alternative model for the distribution of the cluster maxima that accounts for the subasymptotic…

长度偏倚抽样下 Cox 模型的最大伪剖面似然估计AI 解读

This paper considers semiparametric estimation of the Cox proportional hazards model for right-censored and length-biased data arising from prevalent sampling. To exploit the special structure of length-biased sampling, we propose a maximum pseudo-profile likelihood estimator, which can handle time-dependent covariates and is consistent under covariate-dependent censoring. Simulation studies show that the proposed estimator is more efficient than its competitors. A data…

用于均值回归的比例似然比模型AI 解读

The proportional likelihood ratio model introduced in Luo & Tsai (2011) is adapted to explicitly model the means of observations. This is useful for the estimation of and inference on treatment effects, particularly in designed experiments, and allows the data analyst greater control over model specification and parameter interpretation.

超高维稀疏判别分析的直接方法AI 解读

Sparse discriminant methods based on independence rules, such as the nearest shrunken centroids classifier (Tibshirani et al., 2002) and features annealed independence rules (Fan & Fan, 2008), have been proposed as computationally attractive tools for feature selection and classification with high-dimensional data. A fundamental drawback of these rules is that they ignore correlations among features and thus could produce misleading feature selection and inferior…

稀疏数据广义线性模型中的过度离散估计AI 解读

We consider the problem of fitting a generalized linear model to overdispersed data, focussing on a quasilikelihood approach in which the variance is assumed to be proportional to that specified by the model, and the constant of proportionality, ϕ, is used to obtain appropriate standard errors and model comparisons. It is common practice to base an estimate of ϕ on Pearson’s lack-of-fit statistic, with or without Farrington’s modification. We propose a new estimator that has…

右删失下具有时变系数的平均剩余寿命模型AI 解读

The mean residual life provides the remaining life expectancy of a subject who has survived to a certain time-point. When covariates are present, regression models are needed to study the association between the mean residual life function and potential regression covariates. In this paper, we propose a flexible class of semiparametric mean residual life models where some effects may be time-varying and some may be constant over time. In the presence of right censoring, we…

误分类存在时混合检测的最优性AI 解读

Several optimality properties of Dorfman's (1943) group testing procedure are derived for estimation of the prevalence of a rare disease whose status is classified with error. Exact ranges of disease prevalence are obtained for which group testing provides more efficient estimation when group size increases.

利用半竞争风险模型估计治疗转换下的治疗效应：结直肠癌研究应用AI 解读

Treatment switching is a frequent occurrence in clinical trials, where, during the course of the trial, patients who fail on the control treatment may change to the experimental treatment. Analysing the data without accounting for switching yields highly biased and inefficient estimates of the treatment effect. In this paper, we propose a novel class of semiparametric semicompeting risks transition survival models to accommodate treatment switches. Theoretical properties of…

纵向数据协方差建模中的移动平均 Cholesky 因子模型AI 解读

We propose new regression models for parameterizing covariance structures in longitudinal data analysis. Using a novel Cholesky factor, the entries in this decomposition have a moving average and log-innovation interpretation and are modelled as linear functions of covariates. We propose efficient maximum likelihood estimates for joint mean-covariance analysis based on this decomposition and derive the asymptotic distributions of the coefficient estimates. Furthermore, we…

多状态事件史数据的贝叶斯分析：beta–Dirichlet 过程先验AI 解读

Bayesian analysis of a finite state Markov process, which is popularly used to model multistate event history data, is considered. A new prior process, called a beta-Dirichlet process, is introduced for the cumulative intensity functions and is proved to be conjugate. In addition, the beta-Dirichlet prior is applied to a Bayesian semiparametric regression model. To illustrate the application of the proposed model, we analyse a dataset of credit histories.