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变换响应的两阶段降维方法及其应用AI 解读

Researchers in the biological sciences nowadays often encounter the curse of dimensionality. To tackle this, sufficient dimension reduction aims to estimate the central subspace, in which all the necessary information supplied by the covariates regarding the response of interest is contained. Subsequent statistical analysis can then be made in a lower-dimensional space while preserving relevant information. Many studies are concerned with the transformed response rather than…

纵向数据双变量边际模型的协方差结构建模AI 解读

It can be more challenging to efficiently model the covariance matrices for multivariate longitudinal data than for the univariate case, due to the correlations arising between multiple responses. The positive-definiteness constraint and the high dimensionality are further obstacles in covariance modelling. In this paper, we develop a data-based method by which the parameters in the covariance matrices are replaced by unconstrained and interpretable parameters with reduced…

客观贝叶斯、条件推断与有符号平方根似然比统计量AI 解读

Bayesian properties of the signed root likelihood ratio statistic are analysed. Conditions for first-order probability matching are derived by the examination of the Bayesian posterior and frequentist means of this statistic. Second-order matching conditions are shown to arise from matching of the Bayesian posterior and frequentist variances of a mean-adjusted version of the signed root statistic. Conditions for conditional probability matching in ancillary statistic models…

扩散过程的非参数估计：微分方程方法AI 解读

We consider estimation of scalar functions that determine the dynamics of diffusion processes. It has been recently shown that nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation is ill-posed in this context. We adopt a probabilistic approach to regularize the problem by the adoption of a prior distribution for the unknown functional. A Gaussian prior measure is chosen in the function space by specifying its precision operator as an appropriate differential operator. We establish…

基于现患队列生存资料的非参数发病率估计AI 解读

Incidence is an important epidemiological concept most suitably studied using an incident cohort study. However, data are often collected from the more feasible prevalent cohort study, whereby diseased individuals are recruited through a cross-sectional survey and followed in time. In the absence of temporal trends in survival, we derive an efficient nonparametric estimator of the cumulative incidence based on such data and study its asymptotic properties. Arbitrary calendar…

复杂参数模型的拟合AI 解读

Consider parametric models that are too complicated to allow calculation of a likelihood but from which observations can be simulated. We examine parameter estimators that are linear functions of a possibly large set of candidate features. A combination of simulations based on a fractional design and sets of discriminant analyses is then used to find an optimal estimator of the vector parameter and its covariance matrix. The procedure is an alternative to the approximate…

自适应 lasso 对模型误设的稳健性AI 解读

Penalization methods have been shown to yield both consistent variable selection and oracle parameter estimation under correct model specification. In this article, we study such methods under model misspecification, where the assumed form of the regression function is incorrect, including generalized linear models for uncensored outcomes and the proportional hazards model for censored responses. Estimation with the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,…

从函数型数据推断随机动态AI 解读

In most current data modelling for time-dynamic systems, one works with a prespecified differential equation and attempts to estimate its parameters. In contrast, we demonstrate that in the case of functional data, the equation itself can be inferred. Assuming only that the dynamics are described by a first-order nonlinear differential equation with a random component, we obtain data-adaptive dynamic equations from the observed data via a simple smoothing-based procedure. We…

单调缺失纵向调查的有效估计方法AI 解读

Panel attrition is frequently encountered in panel sample surveys. When it is related to the observed study variable, the classical approach of nonresponse adjustment using a covariate-dependent dropout mechanism can be biased. We consider an efficient method of estimation with monotone panel attrition when the response probability depends on the previous values of study variable as well as other covariates. Because of the monotone structure of the missing pattern, the…

合并纵向研究的二次推断函数方法：验证与联合估计AI 解读

Merging data from multiple studies has been widely adopted in biomedical research. In this paper, we consider two major issues related to merging longitudinal datasets. We first develop a rigorous hypothesis testing procedure to assess the validity of data merging, and then propose a flexible joint estimation procedure that enables us to analyse merged data and to account for different within-subject correlations and follow-up schedules in different studies. We establish…

内包络：多元线性回归的高效估计AI 解读

In this article we propose a new model, called the inner envelope model, which leads to efficient estimation in the context of multivariate normal linear regression. The asymptotic distribution and the consistency of its maximum likelihood estimators are established. Theoretical results, simulation studies and examples all show that the efficiency gains can be substantial relative to standard methods and to the maximum likelihood estimators from the envelope model introduced…

大型协方差矩阵的正定估计量AI 解读

Using convex optimization, we construct a sparse estimator of the covariance matrix that is positive definite and performs well in high-dimensional settings. A lasso-type penalty is used to encourage sparsity and a logarithmic barrier function is used to enforce positive definiteness. Consistency and convergence rate bounds are established as both the number of variables and sample size diverge. An efficient computational algorithm is developed and the merits of the approach…

平均刚体运动的估计AI 解读

This paper investigates the definition and the estimation of the Fréchet mean of a random rigid body motion in ℝp. The sample space SE(p) contains objects M=(R,t) where R is a p×p rotation matrix and t is a p×1 translation vector. This work is motivated by applications in biomechanics where the posture of a joint at a given time is expressed as M∈SE(3), the rigid body displacement needed to map a system of axes on one segment of the joint to a similar system on the other…

二阶张量的多线性主成分分析AI 解读

Principal component analysis is commonly used for dimension reduction in analysing high-dimensional data. Multilinear principal component analysis aims to serve a similar function for analysing tensor structure data, and has empirically been shown effective in reducing dimensionality. In this paper, we investigate its statistical properties and demonstrate its advantages. Conventional principal component analysis, which vectorizes the tensor data, may lead to inefficient and…

惩罚经验似然与维度增长的一般估计方程AI 解读

When a parametric likelihood function is not specified for a model, estimating equations may provide an instrument for statistical inference. Qin and Lawless (1994) illustrated that empirical likelihood makes optimal use of these equations in inferences for fixed low-dimensional unknown parameters. In this paper, we study empirical likelihood for general estimating equations with growing high dimensionality and propose a penalized empirical likelihood approach for parameter…

协变量对事件发生时间的预测准确性AI 解读

We propose a graphical measure, the generalized negative predictive function, to quantify the predictive accuracy of covariates for survival time or recurrent event times. This new measure characterizes the event-free probabilities over time conditional on a thresholded linear combination of covariates and has direct clinical utility. We show that this function is maximized at the set of covariates truly related to event times and thus can be used to compare the predictive…

基本区域层级模型下小区域估计量的变异性度量AI 解读

Gauri Sankar Datta, J. N. K. Rao, David Daniel Smith; ‘On measuring the variability of small area estimators under a basic area level model’, Biometrika, V

随机有序生存函数的逐点非参数极大似然估计AI 解读

In this paper, we consider estimation of survivor functions from groups of observations with right-censored data when the groups are subject to a stochastic ordering constraint. Many methods and algorithms have been proposed to estimate distribution functions under such restrictions, but none have completely satisfactory properties when the observations are censored. We propose a pointwise constrained nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator, which is defined at each time…

缺失数据与因果推断模型中的改进双重稳健估计AI 解读

Recently proposed double-robust estimators for a population mean from incomplete data and for a finite number of counterfactual means can have much higher efficiency than the usual double-robust estimators under misspecification of the outcome model. In this paper, we derive a new class of double-robust estimators for the parameters of regression models with incomplete cross-sectional or longitudinal data, and of marginal structural mean models for cross-sectional data with…

区间抽样下二元生存数据分析及癌症流行病学应用AI 解读

In biomedical studies, ordered bivariate survival data are frequently encountered when bivariate failure events are used as outcomes to identify the progression of a disease. In cancer studies, interest could be focused on bivariate failure times, for example, time from birth to cancer onset and time from cancer onset to death. This paper considers a sampling scheme, termed interval sampling, in which the first failure event is identified within a calendar time interval, the…

类别数增长的随机区块模型AI 解读

We present asymptotic and finite-sample results on the use of stochastic blockmodels for the analysis of network data. We show that the fraction of misclassified network nodes converges in probability to zero under maximum likelihood fitting when the number of classes is allowed to grow as the root of the network size and the average network degree grows at least poly-logarithmically in this size. We also establish finite-sample confidence bounds on maximum-likelihood…

小区域估计的经验自助偏差校正与预测均方误差估计AI 解读

We develop a method for bias correction, which models the error of the target estimator as a function of the corresponding estimator obtained from bootstrap samples, and the original estimators and bootstrap estimators of the parameters governing the model fitted to the sample data. This is achieved by considering a number of plausible parameter values, generating a pseudo original sample for each parameter and bootstrap samples for each such sample, and then searching for…

暴露误分类下的加性交互作用推断AI 解读

Results are given concerning inferences that can be drawn about interaction when binary exposures are subject to certain forms of independent nondifferential misclassification. Tests for interaction, using the misclassified exposures, are valid provided the probability of misclassification satisfies certain bounds. Results are given for additive statistical interactions, for causal interactions corresponding to synergism in the sufficient cause framework and for so-called…

偏倚抽样数据下不变密度比模型的似然方法AI 解读

The full likelihood approach in statistical analysis is regarded as the most efficient means for estimation and inference. For complex length-biased failure time data, computational algorithms and theoretical properties are not readily available, especially when a likelihood function involves infinite-dimensional parameters. Relying on the invariance property of length-biased failure time data under the semiparametric density ratio model, we present two likelihood approaches…