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忽略耐用性导致的需求与供给估计偏误AI 解读

We build a dynamic equilibrium model of a durable goods oligopoly with a competitive secondary market to evaluate the bias in estimating the structural parameters of demand and supply when durability is omitted. We simulate data from our dynamic model and use them to estimate the model's static counterpart. We find that the static estimate of the elasticity of demand is an overestimate of the true elasticity and that the static estimate of the markup is an underestimate. Our…

大量非负约束绑定时的高维需求系统估计AI 解读

Two econometric issues arise in the structural estimation of consumer or producer demand systems in the presence of many binding non-negativity constraints. Firstly, most existing methods entail the evaluation of multivariate probability integrals. Secondly, the issue of statistical coherency must be addressed. We circumvent both of these issues using Gibbs' Sampling, along with data augmentation and rejection sampling. We illustrate our method using several simulated data…

消费与劳动供给AI 解读

We present a new econometric model of aggregate demand and labor supply for the United States. We also analyze the allocation full wealth among time periods for households distinguished by a variety of demographic characteristics. The model is estimated using micro-level data from the Consumer Expenditure Surveys supplemented with price information obtained from the Consumer Price Index. An important feature of our approach is that aggregate demands and labor supply can be…

集体理性消费行为的非参数检验：整数规划程序AI 解读

We present an IP-based nonparametric (revealed preference) testing procedure for rational consumption behavior in terms of a general collective model, which includes consumption externalities and public consumption. An empirical application to data drawn from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) demonstrates the practical usefulness of the procedure. Finally, we present extensions of the testing procedure to evaluate the goodness-of-fit (accounting for…

利用恩格尔曲线估计集体家庭模型AI 解读

The structural consumer demand methods used to estimate the parameters of collective household models are typically either very restrictive and easy to implement or very general and difficult to estimate. In this paper, we provide a middle ground. We adapt the very general framework of [Browning, M., Chiappori, P.A., Lewbel, A., 2004. Estimating Consumption Economies of Scale, Adult Equivalence Scales, and Household Bargaining Power, Boston College Working Papers in…

消费者偏好与需求系统AI 解读

This paper is an up-to-date survey of the state-of-the-art in consumer demand modelling. We review and evaluate advances in a number of related areas, including different approaches to empirical demand analysis, such as the differential approach, the locally flexible functional forms approach, the semi-non-parametric approach, and a non-parametric approach. We also address estimation issues, including sampling theoretic and Bayesian estimation methods, and discuss the…

非参数前沿估计量的渐近性质AI 解读

Aragon, Daouia, and Thomas-Agnan (2005, Econometric Theory 21, 358–389) introduced a new nonparametric frontier estimation. We prove the weak convergence of the empirical conditional quantile function. The distribution of the limit depends on the unknown conditional quantile density function. We provide a method to construct uniform confidence bands without estimating the conditional quantile density.

相关数据中信息性相关结构选择的模型诊断检验AI 解读

In the generalized method of moments approach to longitudinal data analysis, unbiased estimating functions can be constructed to incorporate both the marginal mean and the correlation structure of the data. Increasing the number of parameters in the correlation structure corresponds to increasing the number of estimating functions. Thus, building a correlation model is equivalent to selecting estimating functions. This paper proposes a chi-squared test to choose informative…

随机序约束下的贝叶斯非参数推断AI 解读

This article considers Bayesian inference about collections of unknown distributions subject to a partial stochastic ordering. To address problems in testing of equalities between groups and estimation of group-specific distributions, we propose classes of restricted dependent Dirichlet process priors. These priors have full support in the space of stochastically ordered distributions, and can be used for collections of unknown mixture distributions to obtain a flexible…

纵向数据边际回归样条的渐近性质AI 解读

There have been studies on how the asymptotic efficiency of a nonparametric function estimator depends on the handling of the within-cluster correlation when nonparametric regression models are used on longitudinal or cluster data. In particular, methods based on smoothing splines and local polynomial kernels exhibit different behaviour. We show that the generalized estimation equations based on weighted least squares regression splines for the nonparametric function have an…

竞争风险及复杂多状态模型的非参数分位数推断札记AI 解读

Nonparametric quantile inference for competing risks has recently been studied by Peng & Fine (2007). Their key result establishes uniform consistency and weak convergence of the inverse of the Aalen–Johansen estimator of the cumulative incidence function, using the representation of the cumulative incidence estimator as a sum of independent and identically distributed random variables. The limit process is of a form similar to that of the standard survival result, but with…

受控直接效应的估计AI 解读

Summary When regression models adjust for mediators on the causal path from exposure to outcome, the regression coefficient of exposure is commonly viewed as a measure of the direct exposure effect. This interpretation can be misleading, even with a randomly assigned exposure. This is because adjustment for post-exposure measurements introduces bias whenever their association with the outcome is confounded by more than just the exposure. By the same token, adjustment for…

一类共同价值拍卖模型的非参数识别与估计AI 解读

Abstract Structural econometric studies on auctions have mainly focused on the independent private value paradigm. In this paper, we are interested in the ‘opposite’ case known as the pure common value model. More precisely, we restrict our attention to a class of common value models defined by three functions: the density of the true value of the auctioned good, a unique function that appears in the definition of the conditional densities of the signals, and the function…

使用最小二乘法进行拍卖计量分析AI 解读

Abstract I investigate using the method of ordinary least squares (OLS) on auction data. I find that for parameterizations of the valuation distribution that are common in empirical practice, an adaptation of OLS provides unbiased estimators of structural parameters. Under symmetric independent private values, adapted OLS is a specialization of the method of moments strategy of Laffont, Ossard and Vuong ( 1995 ). In contrast to their estimator, here simulation is not…

从升价与密封投标拍卖估计风险厌恶：木材拍卖案例AI 解读

Abstract Estimating bidders' risk aversion in auctions is a challenging problem because of identification issues. This paper takes advantage of bidding data from two auction designs to identify nonparametrically the bidders' utility function within a private value framework. In particular, ascending auction data allow one to recover the latent distribution of private values, while first‐price sealed‐bid auction data allow one to recover the bidders' utility function. This…

含随机个体效应与序列相关误差的线性面板估计：平稳与非平稳情形AI 解读

This paper studies the asymptotic properties of standard panel data estimators in a simple panel regression model with random error component disturbances. Both the regressor and the remainder disturbance term are assumed to be autoregressive and possibly non-stationary. Asymptotic distributions are derived for the standard panel data estimators including ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects (FE), first-difference (FD) and generalized least squares (GLS) estimators…

反卷积问题中的分布、矩与分位数估计AI 解读

When using the bootstrap in the presence of measurement error, we must first estimate the target distribution function; we cannot directly resample, since we do not have a sample from the target. These and other considerations motivate the development of estimators of distributions, and of related quantities such as moments and quantiles, in errors-in-variables settings. We show that such estimators have curious and unexpected properties. For example, if the distributions of…

孟加拉国的早婚、初潮年龄与女性受教育程度AI 解读

Using data from rural Bangladesh, we explore the hypothesis that women attain less schooling as a result of social and financial pressure to marry young. We isolate the causal effect of marriage timing using age of menarche as an instrumental variable. Our results indicate that each additional year that marriage is delayed is associated with 0.22 additional year of schooling and 5.6 percent higher literacy. Delayed marriage is also associated with an increase in use of…

融资如何影响投资？债务契约条款的作用AI 解读

ABSTRACT We identify a specific channel (debt covenants) and the corresponding mechanism (transfer of control rights) through which financing frictions impact corporate investment. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that capital investment declines sharply following a financial covenant violation, when creditors use the threat of accelerating the loan to intervene in management. Further, the reduction in investment is concentrated in situations in which agency…

用于估计与分解违约风险的非高斯面板时间序列模型AI 解读

We model 1981–2005 quarterly default frequencies for a panel of U.S. firms in different rating and age classes from the Standard and Poor database. The data are decomposed into systematic and firm-specific risk components, where the systematic component reflects the general economic conditions and the default climate. We need to cope with: the shared exposure of each age cohort, industry, and rating class to the same systematic risk factor; strongly non-Gaussian features of…

动态处理分配AI 解读

We discuss estimation of treatment effects when the timing of treatment is the outcome of a stochastic process. We show that the duration framework in discrete time provides a fertile ground for effect evaluations. We suggest easy-to-use nonparametric survival function matching estimators that can be used to estimate the time profile of the treatment.We study the small-sample properties of the proposed estimators and apply one of them to evaluate the effects of an employment…

新奥尔良奴隶拍卖市场的地区间价格差异AI 解读

Our article investigates the variation of winning bids in slave auctions held in New Orleans from 1804 to 1862. Specifically, we measure the variation in the price of slaves conditional on their geographical origin. Previous work using a regression framework ignored the auction mechanism used to sell slaves. This introduced a bias in the conditional mean of the winning bid because it depended on the number of bidders participating in the auction. Unfortunately, the number of…

混合类别与连续数据的条件分布函数和分位数函数非参数估计AI 解读

We propose a new nonparametric conditional cumulative distribution function kernel estimator that admits a mix of discrete and categorical data along with an associated nonparametric conditional quantile estimator. Bandwidth selection for kernel quantile regression remains an open topic of research. We employ a conditional probability density function-based bandwidth selector proposed by Hall, Racine, and Li that can automatically remove irrelevant variables and has…

变系数动态面板模型的非参数估计AI 解读

We suggest using a class of semiparametric dynamic panel data models to capture individual variations in panel data. The model assumes linearity in some continuous/discrete variables that can be exogenous/endogenous and allows for nonlinearity in other weakly exogenous variables. We propose a nonparametric generalized method of moments (NPGMM) procedure to estimate the functional coefficients, and we establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the resulting…