Sharp bounds on causal effects in case-control and cohort studies
病例对照与队列研究中因果效应的锐界
Evaluating the causal effect of an exposure on a response from case-control and cohort studies is a major concern in epidemiological and medical research. Since causal effects are in general nonidentifiable from such studies, this paper derives bounds on two causal measures: the causal risk difference and the causal risk ratio. We use the potential response approach and a linear programming method to derive sharp bounds on the causal risk difference, and a novel fractional…