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贫困占优关系的一致检验AI 解读

This paper considers methods for comparing poverty in two income distributions. We first discuss the concept and usefulness of the Poverty Gap Profile (PGP) for comparing poverty in two populations. Dominance of one PGP over another suggests poverty dominance for a wide class of indices which may be expressed as functionals of the PGP. We then discuss hypotheses that can be used to test poverty dominance in terms of the PGP and introduce and justify a test statistic based on…

基于（局部）处理组平均处理效应逆概率加权估计的无混杂检验AI 解读

We propose inverse probability weighted estimators for the local average treatment effect (LATE) and the local average treatment effect for the treated (LATT) under instrumental variable assumptions with covariates. We show that these estimators are asymptotically normal and efficient. When the (binary) instrument satisfies one-sided noncompliance, we propose a Durbin–Wu–Hausman-type test of whether treatment assignment is unconfounded conditional on some observables. The…

洛伦兹占优的一致非参数检验AI 解读

This article proposes consistent nonparametric methods for testing the null hypothesis of Lorenz dominance. The methods are based on a class of statistical functionals defined over the difference between the Lorenz curves for two samples of welfare-related variables. We present two specific test statistics belonging to the general class and derive their asymptotic properties. As the limiting distributions of the test statistics are nonstandard, we propose and justify…

处理效应模型中分布函数与分位数函数的估计和推断AI 解读

We propose inverse probability weighted estimators for the distribution functions of the potential outcomes under the unconfoundedness assumption and apply the inverse mapping to obtain the quantile functions. We show that these estimators converge weakly to zero mean Gaussian processes. A simulation method is proposed to approximate these limiting processes. Based on these results, we construct tests for stochastic dominance relations between the potential outcomes.…

不平等、贫困与福利的广义基尼指数统计推断AI 解读

This article considers statistical inference for consistent estimators of generalized Gini indices of inequality, poverty, and welfare. Our method does not require grouping the population into a fixed number of quantiles. The empirical indices are shown to be asymptotically normally distributed using functional limit theory. Easily computed asymptotic variance expressions are obtained using influence functions. Inference based on first-order asymptotics is then compared with…

大学专业与收入：利用关联程度识别非可忽略无应答偏差AI 解读

We link information on graduates from many cohorts to their high-school and college records and demographics to infer the impact of college major on earnings. We develop an estimator to handle potential non-response bias and identify non-response using an affinity measure--the potential respondent's link to the survey organization. This technique is generally applicable for adjusting for unit non-response. In the earnings model estimated using the identified (for…

多单位序贯时钟拍卖的实证模型AI 解读

Abstract We construct a model of participation and bidding at multi‐unit, sequential, clock auctions when bidders have multi‐unit demand. We describe conditions sufficient to characterize a symmetric, perfect‐Bayesian equilibrium and then demonstrate that this equilibrium induces an efficient allocation. We propose an algorithm, based on the generalized Vickrey auction, to calculate the expected winning bid for each unit sold. This algorithm allows us to construct a…

随机占优的一致检验AI 解读

Methods are proposed for testing stochastic dominance of any pre–specified order, with primary interest in the distributions of income. We consider consistent tests, that are similar to Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, of the complete set of restrictions that relate to the various forms of stochastic dominance. For such tests, in the case of tests for stochastic dominance beyond first order, we propose and justify a variety of approaches to inference based on simulation and the…

工具变量数量的选择AI 解读

Properties of instrumental variable estimators are sensitive to the choice of valid instruments, even in large cross-section applications. In this paper we address this problem by deriving simple mean-square error criteria that can be minimized to choose the instrument set. We develop these criteria for two-stage least squares (2SLS), limited information maximum likelihood (LIML), and a bias adjusted version of 2SLS (B2SLS). We give a theoretical derivation of the…

独立私人价值范式下参数化拍卖实证模型的识别、估计与检验AI 解读

Recent advances in the application of game theory to the study of auctions have spawned a growing empirical literature involving both experimental and field data. In this paper, we focus on four different mechanisms (the Dutch, English, first-price sealed-bid, and Vickrey auctions) within one of the most commonly used theoretical models (the independent private values paradigm) to investigate issues of identification, estimation, and testing in parametric structural…