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外生考虑集与扩展随机效用AI 解读

In a consideration set model, an individual maximizes utility among the considered alternatives. I relate an exogenous consideration set additive random utility model to classic discrete choice and the extended additive random utility model, in which utility can be − ∞ for infeasible alternatives. When observable utility shifters are bounded, all three models are observationally equivalent. Moreover, they have the same counterfactual bounds and welfare formulas given…

满意化行为、加总与拟线性效用AI 解读

This paper studies approximation error in the quasilinear utility model. Error arises because individuals do not perfectly optimize, and instead satisfice. We investigate the consequences of individual satisficing for modeling aggregate demand, providing an approximate aggregation theorem. We present a simple method for statistical inference on the minimal level of satisficing needed to explain aggregate data. In an illustrative application to scanner panel data, we find…

随机系数潜在效用模型的识别AI 解读

This paper provides nonparametric identification results for random coefficient distributions in perturbed utility models. We cover discrete choice and models of multiple purchases. We establish identification using variation in mean quantities. The results apply even when an analyst observes only aggregate demands but not whether goods are chosen together. The identification results use exclusion restrictions on covariates and independence between random slope coefficients…

潜在效用与置换不变性：显示偏好方法AI 解读

This paper provides partial identification results for latent utility models that satisfy an invariance property on unobservables such as exchangeability. We employ a simple revealed preference argument to “difference out” unobservables, obtaining identifying inequalities for utility indices. We show the differencing argument is also useful for counterfactual analysis. The framework generalizes existing work in discrete choice by allowing latent feasibility sets and by…

价格、利润、代理变量与生产AI 解读

This paper studies nonparametric identification and counterfactual bounds for heterogeneous firms that can be ranked in terms of productivity. Our approach works when quantities and prices are latent, rendering standard approaches inapplicable. Instead, we require observation of profits or other optimizing-values such as costs or revenues, and either prices or price proxies of flexibly chosen variables. We extend classical duality results for price-taking firms to a setup…

组合购买模型中的潜在互补性AI 解读

This paper studies partial identification of latent complementarity in an optimizing model with two goods and binary quantities of each good (buy/do not buy). We provide bounds on the fraction of individuals for whom goods are complements, or substitutes. When utility indices are unknown, we present simple bounds that require only the average structural function (“mean demands”). We show these simple bounds are sharp with only a binary demand shifter. Next, we characterize…

加法可分异质性下的识别AI 解读

This paper provides nonparametric identification results for a class of latent utility models with additively separable unobservable heterogeneity. These results apply to existing models of discrete choice, bundles, decisions under uncertainty, and matching. Under an independence assumption, such models admit a representative agent. As a result, we can identify how regressors alter the desirability of goods using only average demands. Moreover, average indirect utility…