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用于总体规模估计的双重稳健捕获—再捕获方法AI 解读

Estimation of population size using incomplete lists has a long history across many biological and social sciences. For example, human rights groups often construct partial lists of victims of armed conflicts, to estimate the total number of victims. Earlier statistical methods for this setup often use parametric assumptions, or rely on suboptimal plug-in-type nonparametric estimators; but both approaches can lead to substantial bias, the former via model misspecification…

COVID-19 发病、累计患病情况与时变再生数的统计模型AI 解读

We appreciate the opportunity to discuss the thought-provoking paper by Quick, Dey and Lin (2021), which we shall refer to as QDL in the following for convenience. There is a lot of material to unp...

利用横截面队列生存数据估计加拿大老年人痴呆终生风险AI 解读

Dementia is one of the world's major public health challenges. The lifetime risk of dementia is the proportion of individuals who ever develop dementia during their lifetime. Despite its importance to epidemiologists and policy-makers, this measure does not seem to have been estimated in the Canadian population. Data from a birth cohort study of dementia are not available. Instead, we must rely on data from the Canadian Study of Heath and Aging, a large cross-sectional study…

存在不依从且结局为二元变量的随机试验中治疗效应的估计AI 解读

Summary We propose a class of estimators of the treatment effect on a dichotomous outcome among the treated subjects within covariate and treatment arm strata in randomized trials with non-compliance. Recent papers by Vansteelandt and Goetghebeur, and Robins and Rotnitzky have presented consistent and asymptotically linear estimators of a causal odds ratio, which rely, beyond correct specification of a model for the causal odds ratio, on a correctly specified model for a…

单一监测时间下的双变量现时状态数据AI 解读

For bivariate current status data with univariate monitoring times, the identifiable part of the joint distribution is three univariate cumulative distribution functions, namely the two marginal distributions and the bivariate cumulative distribution function evaluated on the diagonal. We show that smooth functionals of these univariate cumulative distribution functions can be efficiently estimated with easily computed nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators based on…

删失时观测标记变量的现状数据与右删失数据结构AI 解读

We study nonparametric estimation with two types of data structures. In the first data structure n i.i.d. copies of $(C,N(C))$ are observed, where N is a finite state counting process jumping at time-variables of interest and C a random monitoring time. In the second data structure n i.i.d. copies of $(C\wedge T,I(T\leq C),N (C\wedge T))$ are observed, where N is a counting process with a final jump at time T (e.g., death). This data structure includes observing…

双重删失当前状态数据的回归AI 解读

SUMMARY Data from settings in which an initiating event and a subsequent event occur in sequence are called doubly censored current status data if the time of neither event is observed directly, but instead it is determined at a random monitoring time whether either the initiating or subsequent event has yet occurred. This paper is concerned with using doubly censored current status data to estimate the regression coefficient in an accelerated failure time model for the…

通过 EM 算法获得的最大惩罚似然估计的方差AI 解读

SUMMARY We address the problem of providing variances for parameter estimates obtained under a penalized likelihood formulation through use of the EM algorithm. The solution proposed represents a synthesis of two existent techniques. Firstly, we exploit the supplemented EM algorithm developed by Meng and Rubin that provides variance estimates for maximum likelihood estimates obtained via the EM algorithm. Their procedure relies on evaluating the Jacobian of the mapping…

一种双重删失数据的非参数估计及其在艾滋病研究中的应用AI 解读

In many epidemiologic studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, interest focuses on the distribution of the length of the interval of time between two events. Two such problems are considered here, estimation of the distribution of time or number of sexual contacts between infection of an individual (an index case) and transmission of HIV to their sexual partner, and estimation of the distribution of time between infectiousness as a blood donor and the…

用几何方法评估广义线性模型中的遗漏协变量偏差AI 解读

Misspecifying generalized linear models by omitting covariates associated with the response can result in seriously biased estimates of the effects of the included covariates. For certain models, such bias can occur even when the omitted covariate is independent of the included covariates, as in studies with randomized treatment assignment. This paper presents a geometric approach to assess the direction of the bias resulting from omitted covariates and develop intuition…

基于标记过程的一致预测规则框架AI 解读

Recently interest has developed regarding the statistical properties and uses of marker processes in the context of the analysis of failure time data or survival analysis. A marker process is a stochastic process that acts as a time dependent covariate that is internal to the unit under study in the language of Kalbfleisch & Prentice (1980). As such the sample path of the process up to a certain point in time may carry information about the subsequent hazard for failure.…

评估广义线性模型遗漏协变量偏误的几何方法AI 解读

Misspecifying generalized linear models by omitting covariates associated with the response can result in seriously biased estimates of the effects of the included covariates. For certain models, such bias can occur even when the omitted covariate is independent of the included covariates, as in studies with randomized treatment assignment. This paper presents a geometric approach to assess the direction of the bias resulting from omitted covariates and develop intuition…

基于标记过程的一致预测规则框架AI 解读

Recently interest has developed regarding the statistical properties and uses of marker processes in the context of the analysis of failure time data or survival analysis. A marker process is a stochastic process that acts as a time dependent covariate that is internal to the unit under study in the language of Kalbfleisch & Prentice (1980). As such the sample path of the process up to a certain point in time may carry information about the subsequent hazard for failure.…

基于伴侣研究数据的 HIV 传染性时间变化分析AI 解读

Statistical analyses of data from studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in partners of infected individuals often focus on estimation of the per contact probability of virus transmission, or infectivity. Of particular interest is evaluating whether the infectivity changes during the course of a partnership and identifying factors that influence the infectiousness of the initially infected partner (called the index case) and the susceptibility of the…

簇相关数据半参数广义线性模型的回归参数检验AI 解读

Generalized and ‘working’ Wald and score tests for regression coefficients in the class of semiparametric marginal generalized linear models for cluster correlated data (Liang & Zeger, 1986) are proposed, and their asymptotic distribution examined. In addition, the asymptotic distribution of the naive likelihood ratio test, or deviance difference, is presented. Following Rao & Scott (1984), we propose simple adjustments to such ‘working’ tests. The asymptotic distributions…

组内相关数据半参数广义线性模型的回归参数检验AI 解读

Generalized and ‘working’ Wald and score tests for regression coefficients in the class of semiparametric marginal generalized linear models for cluster correlated data (Liang & Zeger, 1986) are proposed, and their asymptotic distribution examined. In addition, the asymptotic distribution of the naive likelihood ratio test, or deviance difference, is presented. Following Rao & Scott (1984), we propose simple adjustments to such ‘working’ tests. The asymptotic distributions…

截断回归问题的非参数方法AI 解读

A description is given of a new method of estimating the regression parameters in the linear regression model from data where the dependent variable is subject to truncation. The residual distribution is allowed to be unspecified. The method is iterative and involves estimation of the residual distribution under the truncated sampling scheme. The technique can be interpreted as an iterative bias adjustment of the observations in order to correct the regression relationship…

In many applications involving follow-up studies, individuals' lifetimes may be subject to left truncation in addition to the usual right censoring. Here we consider the product-limit estimator of the survival curve S or an appropriate conditional version of S. The asymptotic behaviour of the estimator is briefly described together with an example.

随机截断下乘积极限估计量的渐近性质AI 解读

Many authors have considered the problem of estimating a distribution function when the observed data is subject to random truncation. A prominent role is played by the product limit estimator, which is the analogue of the Kaplan-Meier estimator of a distribution function under random censoring. Wang and Jewell (1985) and Woodroofe (1985) independently proved consistency results for this product limit estimator and showed weak convergence to a Gaussian process. Both papers…

基于分层样本的回归分析AI 解读

Jewell (1985) described an iterative method of estimating parameters in the linear regression model from data collected from stratified samples of the dependent variable with no parametric assumptions on the residual distribution. The present paper considers an alternative iterative technique which is generally superior in terms of efficiency, often by a considerable amount. The method is extended to cover stratified sampling on a design variable which is correlated with the…

基于分层样本的回归分析AI 解读

Jewell (1985) described an iterative method of estimating parameters in the linear regression model from data collected from stratified samples of the dependent variable with no parametric assumptions on the residual distribution. The present paper considers an alternative iterative technique which is generally superior in terms of efficiency, often by a considerable amount. The method is extended to cover stratified sampling on a design variable which is correlated with the…

因变量分层抽样数据的最小二乘回归AI 解读

A description is given of a method of estimating parameters in the linear regression model from data collected from stratified samples of the dependent variable. The residual distribution is allowed to be unspecified. The method is iterative and involves estimates of the residual distribution under the given sampling scheme.

因变量分层抽样数据的最小二乘回归AI 解读

A description is given of a method of estimating parameters in the linear regression model from data collected from stratified samples of the dependent variable. The residual distribution is allowed to be unspecified. The method is iterative and involves estimates of the residual distribution under the given sampling scheme.

时间序列过去与未来的典型相关：界与计算AI 解读

This paper continues an investigation into the canonical correlations and canonical components of the past and future of a stationary Gaussian time series which were introduced in Jewell and Bloomfield (1983). Bounds for the maximum canonical correlation are provided under specified conditions on the spectrum of the series. A computational scheme is described for estimating the canonical correlations and components and the procedure is illustrated on the well-known sunspot…