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Tests for no treatment effect in randomized clinical trials
随机临床试验中无处理效应的检验
We propose a test of the null hypothesis of no treatment effect in a randomized clinical trial that is based on the randomization distribution of residuals. These residuals result from regressing the response on covariates, but not treatment. In contrast to model-based score tests, this procedure maintains nominal size when the model is misspecified, and, in particular, when relevant covariates are omitted from the regression. The efficiency of the procedure is evaluated for…
Biased estimates of treatment effect in randomized experiments with nonlinear regressions and omitted covariates
随机实验中非线性回归遗漏协变量导致的处理效应估计偏差
Certain important nonlinear regression models lead to biased estimates of treatment effect, even in randomized experiments, if needed covariates are omitted. The asymptotic bias is determined both for estimates based on the method of moments and for maximum likelihood estimates. The asymptotic bias from omitting covariates is shown to be zero if the regression of the response variable on treatment and covariates is linear or exponential, and, in regular cases, this is a…