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存在不依从时意向治疗Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney检验的相对效率AI 解读

Summary A general framework is set up to study the asymptotic properties of the intent-to-treat Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test in randomized experiments with nonignorable noncompliance. Under location-shift alternatives, the Pitman efficiencies of the intent-to-treat Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney and $t$ tests are derived. It is shown that the former is superior if the compliers are more likely to be found in high-density regions of the outcome distribution or, equivalently, if the…

基于 U 统计量的因果估计AI 解读

We introduce a general class of causal estimands which extends the familiar notion of average treatment effect. The class is defined by a contrast function, prespecified to quantify the relative favourability of one outcome over another, averaged over the marginal distributions of two potential outcomes. Natural estimators arise in the form of |$U$|-statistics. We derive both a naive inverse propensity score weighted estimator and a class of locally efficient and doubly…