论文检索

摘要暂缺

敏感性分析中的渐近可分性AI 解读

Summary In an observational study in which each treated subject is matched to several untreated controls by using observed pretreatment covariates, a sensitivity analysis asks how hidden biases due to unobserved covariates might alter the conclusions. The bounds required for a sensitivity analysis are the solution to an optimization problem. In general, this optimization problem is not separable, in the sense that one cannot find the needed optimum by performing a separate…

面向就业歧视案件招聘数据分析的变点检验AI 解读

When a complaint of discrimination is made, an employer may respond by hiring more minorities. From a legal viewpoint, the practices in effect during the time period prior to the complaint are more relevant for determining liability than those of the postcharge period. In Gay vs. Waiters, the trial judge observed that the data suggested that a change occurred after the charge was filed. Because the data had not been subject to a formal statistical analysis, the court was…

评估重复访调查方法有效性的程序：劳动力数据应用AI 解读

Several types of reinterview surveys have been designed to measure the different kinds of response errors that occur in survey data. This article is based on the reinterview procedures conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau in its monthly Current Population Survey. We present estimates of the misclassification error rates associated with the original survey data collection procedures and the reinterview methods. A new procedure enables us to estimate the dependence between the…

复访调查方法有效性的评价程序：劳动力数据应用AI 解读

Several types of reinterview surveys have been designed to measure the different kinds of response errors that occur in survey data. This article is based on the reinterview procedures conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau in its monthly Current Population Survey. We present estimates of the misclassification error rates associated with the original survey data collection procedures and the reinterview methods. A new procedure enables us to estimate the dependence between the…

幻影风险：科学推断与法律AI 解读

A scientific perspective a legal perspective. Part 1 Phantom (or not so phantom) risks: weak magnetic fields - a cancer connection?, Kenneth R. Foster spermicides and birth defects, James L. Mills Benedictin and the language of causation, Louis Lasagna and Sheila R. Shulman miscarriage and video display terminals - an update, Kenneth R. Foster the legal context. Part 2 Just a little bit of poison: environmental pollution and cancer - some misconceptions, Bruce N. Ames and…

医学筛查检验的贝叶斯推断：艾滋病分析中的实用近似AI 解读

SUMMARY In this paper, we develop large sample Bayesian methods for assessing the accuracy of screening tests that are used to detect antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus in donated blood, and for assessing the prevalence of the disease in the population sampled from. We obtain approximate joint and marginal posterior distributions for the predictive values positive and negative of a test and, additionally, we obtain approximate predictive distributions for the…

摘要暂缺

共同相对风险的估计：平等就业中的应用AI 解读

To analyze hiring data in equal employment cases, the available positions should be stratified in accordance with the qualifications needed for the jobs. It is then necessary to combine the results of each stratum to obtain an overall test of equal hiring rates. Furthermore, a summary measure, which compares the hiring rate of a minority applicant to that of a majority one, is then estimated. Indeed, the relative risk measure is used by the government in assessing an…

分组数据估计的基尼及相关不平等指数界限的大样本理论AI 解读

The joint asymptotic distribution of the upper and lower bounds for the Gini index derived by Gastwirth for grouped data are obtained. From them a conservative asymptotically distribution-free confidence interval for the population Gini index is presented. The methods also yield similar results for other indices of inequality (e.g., Theil's and Atkinson's).

短评：评 Vinod《黑人与白人经济距离的测量》AI 解读

Vinod ( 1 985) recently noted that there was room for additional measures to compare two distribution funcLl [F(,x-) G(x)] day tions and introduced a new concept-economic advantage-that could be defined over either a small range of the income curve or the whole range (the + 1 G ) ) 1 F ) ] d (2) overall economic advantage; OEA). He then developed a statistical methodology for estimating these measures which from ParZen (1960, p. 21 1) is and applied them to U.S. income data.…

摘要暂缺

列联表合并与生存分析中的最大最小效率稳健检验AI 解读

A test is the maximin efficiency robust test for a family of possible models underlying the data if no other test has higher minimum efficiency relative to the asymptotically optimum test for each model. Methods used to examine the efficiency robustness of rank tests for the two-sample problem are adapted to obtain maximin efficiency robust procedures for testing the equality of proportions across several 2×2 tables, for combining the results of tests for trend in several 2…

摘要暂缺

利用分组数据估计相关系数AI 解读

This article proposes two estimators of the correlation coefficient, ρ, when statisticians will not construct a master file on individuals because of confidentiality issues. The approach depends on grouping the data according to the values of one of the variables. Group means and total variance for both variables are required to calculate the estimators. The complete bivariate sample need never be compiled. The estimators are shown to be asymptotically normal. Asymptotic and…

利用分组数据估计相关系数AI 解读

This article proposes two estimators of the correlation coefficient, ρ, when statisticians will not construct a master file on individuals because of confidentiality issues. The approach depends on grouping the data according to the values of one of the variables. Group means and total variance for both variables are required to calculate the estimators. The complete bivariate sample need never be compiled. The estimators are shown to be asymptotically normal. Asymptotic and…

两种序列相关检验的稳健性性质AI 解读

We compare Geary's test based on the number of sign changes in residuals with the Durbin-Watson (DW) test for serial correlation. We derive the asymptotic distribution of Geary's statistic for the special case of identically distributed random variables and show that it is asymptotically distribution free for symmetric errors. Monte Carlo simulations show that the DW procedure is generally more powerful and robust than Geary's test.

基于洛伦兹曲线的无尺度指数分布拟合优度检验AI 解读

The sample Lorenz curve provides a powerful, easily computed goodness-of-fit test for exponentiality which does not depend on the unknown scale parameter. Exact critical values and asymptotic results are given, which can also be used to test the related hypothesis of randomness on an interval. General limit theorems show that the sample Lorenz curve converges almost surely to the population Lorenz curve and that the standardized Lorenz statistic converges to normality…

摘要暂缺

论经典正态性检验AI 解读

Geary studied the use of kurtosis and skewness statistics in testing for normality. The general asymptotic distribution of a class of statistics is derived in this paper, yielding a result which differs slightly from that given by Geary. It is found that the coefficient of kurtosis is not necessarily superior to the ratio of the mean deviation to standard deviation in detecting large tail, symmetric departures from normality.

经典正态性检验研究AI 解读

Geary studied the use of kurtosis and skewness statistics in testing for normality. The general asymptotic distribution of a class of statistics is derived in this paper, yielding a result which differs slightly from that given by Geary. It is found that the coefficient of kurtosis is not necessarily superior to the ratio of the mean deviation to standard deviation in detecting large tail, symmetric departures from normality.

若干收入不平等测度的大样本理论AI 解读

THE MEASUREMENT of economic inequality is a timely and important topic. Often the Gini index or the entire Lorenz curve is used; however, the relative mean deviation (or Pietra ratio) has been used by Schutz [9] and Budd [1] to study United States data. Eltet6 and Frigyes [2] developed new measures to aid in their analysis of Hungary's income distribution, and Kondor [6] has shown that these new indices are related to the relative mean deviation. In order to draw valid…

基于分组数据的洛伦兹曲线与基尼指数插值AI 解读

ECONOMISTS OFTEN SUMMARIZE the income distribution by the Lorenz curve and Gini index. A variety of parametric methods (e.g., [1 and 8]) have been developed to estimate these measures from the grouped income data governments provide (e.g., [3 and 12]). Previously, one of the authors developed a distribution-free approach [5] which yielded accurate bounds on the Gini index. While analogous bounds on the Lorenz curve can be obtained [5 and 10], the resulting curve is not…

稳健估计量在相依数据中的表现AI 解读

This paper investigates the effect of serial dependence in the data on the efficiency of some robust estimators. When the observations are from a stationary process satisfying certain mixing conditions, linear combinations of order statistics and the Hodges-Lehmann estimator are shown to be asymptotically normally distributed. Gaussian processes are studied in detail and it is shown that when all the serial correlations $(\rho_n)$ are $\geqq 0$, the efficiency of the robust…