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医疗结局风险调整下的服务提供者评估：贝叶斯与频率学方法AI 解读

“Provider profiling” is the evaluation of the performance of hospitals, doctors, and other medical practitioners to enhance the quality of medical care. We propose a new method and compare conventional and Bayesian methodologies that are used or proposed for use for such “report cards.” Conventional statistical approaches to these provider assessments use likelihood-based frequentist methodologies, and the new Bayesian method is patterned after these. For each of three…

慢性阻塞性肺疾病死亡率的贝叶斯分析与制图AI 解读

This article summarizes our research on estimation of age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for white males. Our objectives are more precise and informative displays (than previously available) of geographic variation of the age-specific mortality rates for COPD, and investigation of the relationships between the geographic variation in mortality rates and the corresponding variation in selected covariates. For a given…

全国健康访谈调查中二元变量的小区域推断AI 解读

The National Health Interview Survey is designed to produce precise estimates of finite population parameters for the entire United States but not for small geographical areas or subpopulations. Our investigation concerns estimates of proportions such as the probability of at least one visit to a doctor within the past 12 months. To include all sources of variation in the model, we carry out a Bayesian hierarchical analysis for the desired finite population quantities.…

大西洋鳕鱼种群年龄构成的序约束贝叶斯估计AI 解读

The management of a commercial fishery often requires estimates of the age composition. These estimates are typically based on age and length data obtained from sampling the commercial landings from the fishery and the catches from a research vessel survey. We use data from annual research cruises of Georges Bank conducted by the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans to show how inferences for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) can be improved. Traditionally, two-phase…

大西洋鳕鱼种群年龄组成的序约束贝叶斯估计AI 解读

The management of a commercial fishery often requires estimates of the age composition. These estimates are typically based on age and length data obtained from sampling the commercial landings from the fishery and the catches from a research vessel survey. We use data from annual research cruises of Georges Bank conducted by the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans to show how inferences for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) can be improved. Traditionally, two-phase…

贝叶斯序贯两阶段抽样AI 解读

We propose a sequential two-phase sample design to accommodate applications where conventional two-phase sampling cannot be used. First, we derive the optimal, the optimal myopic, and several approximate optimal myopic sequential decision procedures for subsampling a first-phase sample. Then we compare our procedure to that of the optimal (nonsequential) conventional two-phase sample design. In our application, the objective is inference about the age distribution of a…

贝叶斯序贯两阶段抽样AI 解读

We propose a sequential two-phase sample design to accommodate applications where conventional two-phase sampling cannot be used. First, we derive the optimal, the optimal myopic, and several approximate optimal myopic sequential decision procedures for subsampling a first-phase sample. Then we compare our procedure to that of the optimal (nonsequential) conventional two-phase sample design. In our application, the objective is inference about the age distribution of a…

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摘要暂缺

两阶段整群抽样下有限总体比例的贝叶斯预测推断AI 解读

SUMMARY Given binary data from a two-stage cluster sample, we present a method to carry out Bayesian predictive inference for a finite population proportion. Our probabilistic specification should be useful for many surveys of this type and yields simple analytical expressions for the prior and posterior mean and variance. Within cluster k, we assume that the Yki are a random sample from the Bernoulli distribution with probability θk. Conditional on β and τ, θ1,..., θN are a…

存在缺失观测时的二次数据分析AI 解读

A data set having missing observations often is completed by using imputed values. Our objective is to improve the practice of secondary data analysis by looking at the interplay of different imputation techniques and different methods that secondary data analysts use when there are both observed and imputed values. Secondary data analysts typically either treat the completed data set as if it has only observed values or ignore the imputations and analyze only the observed…

存在缺失观测时的二次数据分析AI 解读

A data set having missing observations often is completed by using imputed values. Our objective is to improve the practice of secondary data analysis by looking at the interplay of different imputation techniques and different methods that secondary data analysts use when there are both observed and imputed values. Secondary data analysts typically either treat the completed data set as if it has only observed values or ignore the imputations and analyze only the observed…

合并规则不确定时整合不同实验结果的贝叶斯方法AI 解读

Given data from several experiments or observational studies initially believed to be similar, it is desired to estimate the means corresponding to one or more experiments of particular interest. To illustrate the proposed methodology we consider a simple specification where there are no covariates. A class of prior distributions for the set, μ = (μ1,…, μL), of experiment means is specified to reflect the beliefs that (a) there are subsets of μ such that the μ1's within each…

合并规则不确定时整合不同实验结果的贝叶斯方法AI 解读

Given data from several experiments or observational studies initially believed to be similar, it is desired to estimate the means corresponding to one or more experiments of particular interest. To illustrate the proposed methodology we consider a simple specification where there are no covariates. A class of prior distributions for the set, μ = (μ1,…, μL), of experiment means is specified to reflect the beliefs that (a) there are subsets of μ such that the μ1's within each…

医疗照护模式研究中的贝叶斯与频率学派预测推断AI 解读

The Patterns of Care Studies were conducted to determine the quality of care received by cancer patients whose primary treatment modality is radiation therapy. In this article, we propose and evaluate models which, if acceptable, permit Bayesian and frequentist model-based predictive inference for the desired finite population parameters. Using both hierarchical Bayesian and frequentist mixed linear models, we describe methodology for making the desired inferences,…

医疗照护模式研究中的贝叶斯与频率学派预测推断AI 解读

The Patterns of Care Studies were conducted to determine the quality of care received by cancer patients whose primary treatment modality is radiation therapy. In this article, we propose and evaluate models which, if acceptable, permit Bayesian and frequentist model-based predictive inference for the desired finite population parameters. Using both hierarchical Bayesian and frequentist mixed linear models, we describe methodology for making the desired inferences,…

抽样调查缺失值插补的贝叶斯程序AI 解读

A new method is proposed for imputation of missing values in sample survey data. The procedure uses standard statistical methodology, permits a general specification of the nonresponse process, and does not impose specific model assumptions. Prior information from past similar surveys or from other sources may be incorporated in a routine manner.

多阶段整群抽样中有限总体参数的贝叶斯推断AI 解读

Assuming a model appropriate for many multistage sample surveys, Bayesian predictive inference for a general linear function, ω, of the finite population elements is described. In a broad class of linear estimators of ω, the posterior mean, E″(ω), of ω is shown to have the optimal frequentist property of minimal bounded mean squared error. For the special case of three-stage sampling, E″(ω) is described in detail. Also presented are the results of an investigation of the…

带顺序约束的分类数据模型中有限总体参数的贝叶斯估计AI 解读

SUMMARY This note describes a Bayesian method for estimation of finite population parameters in general population surveys where acceptable regression-type models are typically unavailable. A categorical data model is adopted as in Ericson (1969, Section 4). However, specifications of smoothness are incorporated into the prior distribution. These smoothness conditions are expressed as unimodal or, possibly, multi-modal order relations among the category probabilities.…

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摘要暂缺

鱼类种群年龄构成估计的贝叶斯优化AI 解读

To estimate the age distribution of a fish population, a two-phase stratified sample design is proposed. Bayesian methods are employed to determine (a) optimal estimators of the desired population proportions; and (b) the optimal choice of second-phase sample sizes subject to a fixed budget. A summary of the results of some numerical examples is presented. These examples demonstrate typical expected gains obtained by using the Bayesian optima as compared to alternative…

鱼类种群年龄构成估计的贝叶斯优化AI 解读

To estimate the age distribution of a fish population, a two-phase stratified sample design is proposed. Bayesian methods are employed to determine (a) optimal estimators of the desired population proportions; and (b) the optimal choice of second-phase sample sizes subject to a fixed budget. A summary of the results of some numerical examples is presented. These examples demonstrate typical expected gains obtained by using the Bayesian optima as compared to alternative…

利用复杂抽样设计的数据区分分布AI 解读

This article presents the statistical methodology for estimating stratum cumulative distribution functions (cdf's) when the sample is drawn according to a complex design. Justification for the use of this methodology is offered, and examples are presented to demonstrate the expanded inference possible when estimated cdf's are used in addition to stratum means. The methods are applied to data from a survey of the patterns of care in radiation therapy facilities in the United…