Sharp symbolic nonparametric bounds for measures of benefit in observational and imperfect randomized studies with ordinal outcomes
序数结局下观察研究与不完全随机试验中获益指标的尖锐符号非参数界
Abstract The probability of benefit can be a valuable and meaningful measure of treatment effect. Particularly for an ordinal outcome, it can have an intuitive interpretation. Unfortunately, this measure, and variations of it, are not identifiable even in randomized trials with perfect compliance. There is, for this reason, a long literature on nonparametric bounds for unidentifiable measures of benefit. These have primarily focused on perfect randomized trial settings and…