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相关样本下的贫困比较AI 解读

Abstract Standard inference procedures for poverty comparisons require samples to be independent. For many commonly used income samples, however, this requirement is not fulfilled since samples are rotated. This article introduces an easy‐to‐use method of correction for sample dependency. We also apply the method to test changes in US poverty in the 1990s and to evaluate the marginal effects of public assistance on poverty before and after the recent welfare reform.…

Simple random sampling has been assumed in most statistical inference procedures developed to test Lorenz dominance and other partial ordering conditions. This note, using the Bahadur representation, derives the (asymptotic) covariance structures of the Lorenz and generalized Lorenz ordinates for stratified, cluster and multistage samples. The comparison of these covariance structures illustrates the necessity of taking the sampling method into account in inference testing.

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摘要暂缺

不平等排序、归一化随机占优与统计推断AI 解读

This article derives large-sample properties and provides asymptotically distribution-free statistical inference procedures for an alternative approach to inequality orderings—normalized stochastic dominance (NSD). NSD is a straightforward extension of standard dominance techniques. As such, it can be generalized to higher orders of dominance, thereby providing a more powerful technique for ranking distributions. We illustrate the NSD method by applying it to Current…

基于基尼系数的税收累进性指数推断检验AI 解读

Distribution-free statistical inference procedures for changes in Lorenz- and Gini-based indexes of tax progressivity are developed and applied. Related but distinct tests for the Reynolds-Smolensky index of residual progression and the Kakwani index of liability progression are provided. The inference procedures are illustrated by applying them to Luxembourg Income Study microdata for Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States before and after periods of tax reform.…

贫困指数能否同时具有相对性与绝对性？AI 解读

BEGINNING WITH THE WORK OF A. K. SEN (1976) poverty research has made extensive use of axioms to construct and evaluate distribution-sensitive poverty measures. An index is distribution-sensitive if it satisfies Sen's (1976) weak transfer axiom; poverty decreases when income is transferred from a high income poor person to a low income poor person. A distribution-sensitive measure is appealing because it reflects the extent of deprivation among the poor and incorporates…