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治疗分配与终止相竞争时治疗下平均结局的直接估计AI 解读

Several authors have investigated the challenges of statistical analyses and inference in the presence of early treatment termination, including a loss of efficiency in randomized controlled trials and a connection to dynamic regimes in observational studies. Popular estimation strategies for causal estimands in dynamic regimes lend themselves to studies where treatment is assigned at a finite number of points and the extension to continuous treatment assignment is…

初始抗逆转录病毒方案失败后早期与延迟换药的效果评估AI 解读

The current goal of initial antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is suppression of plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 RNA levels to below 200 copies per milliliter. A proportion of HIV-infected patients who initiate antiretroviral therapy in clinical practice or antiretroviral clinical trials either fail to suppress HIV-1 RNA or have HIV-1 RNA levels rebound on therapy. Frequently, these patients have sustained CD4 cell counts responses and limited or no clinical symptoms…

治疗时长可能右删失的观察性时长—响应研究中的半参数推断AI 解读

Once treatment is found to be effective in clinical studies, attention often focuses on optimum or efficacious treatment delivery. In treatment duration-response studies, the optimum treatment delivery refers to the treatment length that optimises the mean response. In many studies, the treatment length is often left to the discretion of an attending investigator or physician but may be abruptly terminated because of treatment-terminating events. Thus, a recommended…